Questions and Answers of Criminal Law

Briefly explain the difference between psychological criminology and sociological criminology. How do these differ from a psychiatric approach to the study of criminal behavior?
Provide examples of crime control or crime prevention policies—other than those mentioned in the chapter—that are consistent with(a) classical theories of crime (b) positivist theories.
Define and provide examples of the conformity, nonconformist, and learning perspectives of human nature.
Explain the just-world hypothesis. What are the beliefs of just-worlders about crime?
What are the shortcomings of the trait approach in psychological criminology?
Critically evaluate the national crime victimization survey as a method of collecting data on crime. What are some of the advantages of this method compared to other measures of crime?
Describe the offences unique to juveniles, and explain why these are different from those of adults. Why do most juveniles stop committing crimes once they reach adulthood?
Compare and contrast the cumulative risk and developmental cascade models.
What are some of the qualifications that should be taken into consideration when examining potential relationships between poverty and criminal behavior?
Describe the major perspectives on the influence of peer groups on antisocial and delinquent behavior.
Explain lack of attachment and lack of empathy as psychological risk factors for delinquency.
What is the relationship between IQ and delinquency? What are some of the reasons for this observed relationship?
Explain the differences among ODD, ADHD, and conduct disorder.
What are the three sources to which behavioral geneticists attribute individual differences in behavior?
Summarize findings from the TEDS and TCHAD research.
Describe the factors associated with the brain that are involved in regulating aggressive and violent behavior.
What is the autonomic arousal theory of crime? According to this perspective, what motivates persistent offenders to continue committing crimes?
Provide examples of any three environmental hazards that have been linked with aggressive behavior.
Describe some of the effects of prenatal and early childhood malnutrition.
Describe the process of social learning, and provide an example of how it contributes to the development of criminal behavior.
Explain the differences between classical conditioning and operant conditioning.
How are socialized offenders different from individual offenders?
What are the factors that increased or decreased obedience in the Milgram experiments?
What is meant by bystander apathy, and under what circumstances is it most likely to occur?
What are some of the limitations of classifying aggressive acts with a hostile-instrumental dichotomy?
What accounts for gender differences in aggression? Cite relevant research findings.
What are the three categories of risk for aggressive behavior proposed by I3 Theory? Provide examples of each category.
Describe three instinctive or biological theories for aggressive behavior. How do these perspectives on aggression differ from one another?
Why does exposure to media-related violence not cause greater levels of aggression?
What are the complications and controversies associated with the definition of juvenile delinquency based on the age of offenders?
Describe three differences between female and male juvenile offenders.
Describe Steinberg’s dual systems model of risk-taking.
What are the three levels of prevention of juvenile delinquency?What are your opinions on the effectiveness of these preventive steps?
What are the strengths of MST and FFT as treatment approaches to serious delinquents?
Describe the key differences between psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder.
Define each of the following as proposed by Hare: primary psychopath, secondary psychopath, dyssocial psychopath, and criminal psychopath.
Why is psychopathy so difficult to treat? What are some of the controversies regarding the treatment of psychopathy?
Identify some of the ethical problems created as a result of labeling a child a “psychopath.”
What are the two temperaments involved in psychopathy according to the dual process model?
How is the psychopath different from the nonpsychopath on psychophysiology? Thoroughly discuss all relevant features.
How is incompetency to stand trial evaluated? What is the consequence of being deemed incompetent to stand trial?
How do symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder contribute to violent behavior? Provide examples.
Describe the nature of violent crimes that are committed by people with schizophrenia.
What is the difference between structured professional judgments and actuarial approaches to assessing violence risk?
Describe fully and evaluate any three of the unique defenses.
Explain why a disproportionate amount of attention is paid by the news and entertainment media to criminal homicides.
Many general altercation offenders possess a strong hostile attribution bias. Discuss the psychological factors that explain this behavior.
Review research findings on juvenile murderers.
Describe some of the psychological characteristics of domestic abusers.
Highlight the primary motivation behind non-stranger and stranger child abductions. Where and how are these abductions likely to happen?
What is the cycle-of-violence hypothesis?
Compare and contrast abusive head trauma and Munchausen syndrome by proxy as specific forms of child abuse.
Discuss eldercide as a form of family violence, including its prevalence, perpetrators, and victims.
Define investigative psychology.
Describe some of the important features of offender behavior at crime scenes.
Briefly describe the difference between an organized and disorganized crime scene, focusing on the characteristics of the offender.
List and define the types of multiple murder, and provide an illustration of each.
Who are the commonly reported victims of female serial killers?What are some of the motivations of female serial killers?
Discuss the key features of classic and family mass murders, with an example for each.
Who are the victims of workplace violence? What are the warning signs for workplace violence?
Describe the psychological characteristics of offenders who commit authority homicide.
Why is NBC terrorism considered to be especially dangerous?How does NBC terrorism affect the psyche of humankind as a whole?
What are some of the reasons that terrorists volunteer for suicide missions? Why are fail-safe procedures developed by terrorist organizations?
Describe the characteristics of leaders of terrorist organizations.
Discuss the psychosocial context of terrorism.
How does Kohlberg’s theory provide a framework for understanding the morality of the leadership and followers of terrorist organizations?
What do you understand by statutory rape and rape by fraud?
Discuss why female students may not want to report rape and other kinds of sexual victimization to the police.
Review and discuss vulnerability factors for sexual assault.
What does crime scene analysis involve? Can we predict sexual recidivism?
Define and provide example of rape myths.
Explain why some men misconstrue women’s verbal and nonverbal communications.
Analyze the personality traits that are associated with juvenile and adult sexual offenders.
Discuss the research on sexual burglary in this chapter. What are the three types of sexual burglars?
What is the distinction between pedophilia and child sex offending?
Discuss the long-term interpersonal, social, and psychological effects on victims of child sexual abuse.
What are the factors that predict recidivism for CSOs?
What does the cognitive distortion hypothesis state about CSOs? Explain the neurocognitive functioning of CSOs.
Define online sexual offending. Give a brief description of online sexual offenders who are interested in adolescents.
Discuss research findings on female sex offenders.review Questions
Discuss the surveillability and occupancy cues studied by Bennett and Wright.
Enumerate the psychological effects experienced by victims of burglary. When is the distress level likely to be more pronounced in the victims?
Define motor vehicle theft. Describe the cognitive state of most active carjackers.
Describe the characteristics of shoplifters with an emphasis on their moral development.
Briefly describe Green’s occupational crime typology. Give an example of each. Contrast Green’s typology to that of Clinard and Quinney.
Describe and illustrate any five neutralization techniques or strategies used by corporate criminals.
Discuss the various motives for street robbery with reference to research done on the subject.
Define and provide examples of cybercrime, cyberstalking, cyberbullying, and cyber harassment. Is it important to make distinctions between these terms to form a psychological perspective? Why or why
Define stalking. Describe the psychological trauma experienced by victims of stalking.
What is a barricade situation? Discuss the various strategies for dealing with hostage takers.
Give an account of the psychological problems associated with children and juveniles involved in firesetting.
What are the psychological antecedents of female arsonists?
Discuss the categories of firesetters as described by Canter and Fritzon.
Discuss the drug associated with the highest percentage of juvenile arrests. Sketch a profile of juveniles who sell drugs.
What factors are important to deciphering the connection between drugs and crime? What are the stages that drug popularity and epidemics undergo?
What is drug tolerance? Describe secondary psychological dependence.
Discuss the factors that determine the psychological effects of cannabis.
Why is heroin more closely associated with crime than any other drug?
Does research support the premise that alcohol instigates aggressive conduct in some individuals? Discuss alcohol use and violent behavior in delinquents.
Which of the three defendants is entitled to the defense of ignorance of law? Support your answer with the information in your text regarding mens rea, ignorance and mistake generally, and the

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