The GSS 2014 included a question on the importance of providing health care for everyone (HLTHALL). HLTHALL is an ordinal measure: 1 = not important at all to 7 = very important. We present HLTHALL with two independent variables—social class (CLASS) and 2012 presidential candidate support (PRES12). Interpret each measure of association.

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HLTHALL HEALTHCARE PROOVIDED FOR EVERYONE PRES12 VOTE OBAMA OR ROMNEY Crosstabulation Count PRES12 VOTE OBAMA OR ROMNEY 1 Obama 2 Romney Total HLTHALL HEALTHCARE PROVIDED FOR EVERYONE 1 Not at all important 2 15 17 2 6 6. 3 4 22 31 5 10 15 6 17 22 7 Very Imporant 96 17 113 Total 136 75 211 Directional Measures Asymptotic Standardized Error Approximate Approximate Significance Value Nominal by Nominal Lambda Symmetric .231 .060 3.425 .001 HLTHALL HEALTHCARE PROVIDED FOR EVERYONE Dependent .051 .062 .802 423 PRES12 VOTE OBAMA OR ROMNEY Dependent .467 .076 4.711 .000 Goodman and Kruskal tau HLTHALL HEALTHCARE PROVIDED FOR EVERYONE Dependent .113 .026 .000 PRES12 VOTE OBAMA OR ROMNEY Dependent .354 .062 .000 a. Not assuming the null hypothesis. b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. c. Based on chi-square approximation HLTHALL HEALTHCARE PROVIDED FOR EVERYONE class SUBJECTIVE CLASS IDENTIFICATION Crosstabulation Count 1 LOWER CLASS class SUBJECTIVE CLASS IDENTIFICATION 2 WORKING CLASS 3 MIDDLE CLASS 4 UPPER CLASS Total HLTHALL HEALTHCARE PROVIDED FOR EVERYONE 1 Not at all important 4 10 22 2 6. 11 3 1 4 12 4 13 23 1 40 2 8 13 23 6 16 16 3 35 7 Very Imporant 27 110 66 207 Total 37 170 135 8 350