Discuss the probable non-revenue justifications for each of the following provisions of the tax law.
a. A tax credit allowed for electricity produced from renewable sources.
b. A tax credit allowed for the purchase of a motor vehicle that operates on alternative energy sources (e.g., nonfossil fuels).
c. Favorable treatment accorded to research and development expenditures.

d. The deduction allowed for contributions to qualified charitable organizations.
e. An election that allows certain corporations to avoid the corporate income tax and pass losses through to their shareholders.