11.15 Help the environment In 2010 the GSS asked whether a subject was willing to accept cuts in the standard of living to help the environment (GRNSOL), with categories

(vw = very willing, fw = fairly willing, nwu = neither willing nor unwilling, nvw = not very willing, nw = not at all willing). When this was cross-tabulated with whether the respondent is currently in school or has retired

(WORKSTAT), as shown below, X 2 = 9.56.

a. What are the hypotheses for the test to which X 2 refers?

b. Report r and c and the df value on which X 2 is based.

c. Is the P-value less than (i) 0.05? (ii) 0.025? Explain.

d. What conclusion would you make, using a significance level of (i) 0.05 and (ii) 0.025? State your conclusion in the context of this study.