A bond issue is to be put before the voters in a forthcoming election. An opinion poll company obtains a random sample of 200 registered voters and asks them what party they belong to and how they intend to vote on the bond issue. The results are as follows:

a. Test the null hypothesis that political party and prospective vote on the bond issue are independent. What is your conclusion?

b. Calculate Cramér's ϕ for these data. Does it look like there's a strong association between party affiliation and attitude toward this particular bond issue?

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Prospective vote on bond issue Yes Political party Undecided No Democratic 30 10 Republican Independent 30 30 20 10 40 10