A study compares performance on a novel task for fifth-grade students who do the task either alone, in the presence of a stranger, or in the presence of a friend.

The scores for the students in the alone condition are 1, 1, and 0; the scores of the participants in the stranger condition are 2, 6, and 1; and the scores for those in the friend condition are 3, 9, and 10.

(a) Carry out an analysis of variance using the actual scores

(b) Carry out a square-root transformation of the scores (to keep things simple, round off the transformed scores to one decimal place).

(c) Carry out an analysis of variance using the transformed difference scores.

(d) Explain what you have done and why to someone who is familiar with analysis of variance but not with data transformation.