Question: Using difference scores in a pretestposttest design does not partial out the effect of the pretest for the following reason: (a) The pretest scores are

Using difference scores in a pretest–posttest design does not partial out the effect of the pretest for the following reason:

(a) The pretest scores are not normally correlated with the posttest scores

(b) The pretest scores are normally correlated with the difference scores

(c) The posttest scores are normally correlated with the difference scores

(d) None of the above

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