A system requires two components, A and B, to both work before the system will. Because of the sensitivity of the system, an increased reliability is needed. To obtain this reliability, two duplicate components are to be used. That is, the system will have components A1;A2; B1; and B2. An engineer designs the two systems illustrated in the diagram. Assuming independent failure probabilities of 0.01 for each component, compute the probability of failure of each arrangement. Which one gives the more reliable system?

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A1 Arrangement 1 B1 A2 B2 Arrangement 2 A1 B1 A2 B2