1. Volkswagen’s annual report explains that, “The Volkswagen Group consists of two divisions: the Automotive Division and the Financial Services Division. The Automotive Division comprises the Passenger Cars, Commercial Vehicles and Power Engineering Business Areas.” Does this description sound more like a functional, product, geographic, or customer structure, or some combination of these?

2. Do you think the responsibility for complying with emissions testing was delegated too far down the company’s reporting structure? Why or why not?

3. If you were advising Volkswagen on what needs to change internally in response to the emissions scandal, what would you suggest?