Calculate the carbon footprint for manufacturing a cup made of polyethylene terephthalate using the data in Table 15.12. 

                                                       

1. Use the openLCA tool to determine the carbon footprint from the information provided in this table. You do not have to perform a complete life cycle analysis for this. You can use the "Quick results" option to calculate the carbon dioxide emissions for the production process. Identify the sectors that contribute the most to carbon dioxide emissions.  

2. Now use an environmentally extended input-output model to determine the carbon footprint of this cup. Polyethylene terephthalate belongs to sector 325211. Comment on the results. 

3. Explain the differences between a process-based analysis of calculating the carbon footprint and an input-output-based approach to calculating the carbon footprint.

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Table 15.12 Inventory for polyethylene terephthalate life cycle. Unit volume (oz.) grams Parameter Functional unit Monomer (PET resin prod. - RNA)ª Electricity consumption (US grid, 2010) Truck transportation (single unit truck, diesel) - RNA" Train transportation (Diesel) - RNA Cost mj ton km ton miles $ Quantity 12 18 0.1 3.5 1.2 1.50