A computer in a soft real - time system has instructions that require two bus cycles, one to fetch the instruction and another to fetch the data. Each bus cycle takes 250 ns and each instruction takes 500 ns (i.e., the internal processing time is assumed negligible). The computer has a hard disk with 16,512 byte sectors per track. Disk rotation time is 8.092 ms.

To what percentage of its normal speed is the computer degraded during DMA transfer, if each cycle - stealing DMA operation takes one bus cycle? Consider two cases: 16 - bit bus transfer and 32 - bit bus transfer.