In an increasingly urban world, are there psychological benefits to biodiversity? Fuller et al. (2007) measured the number of plant, bird, and butterfly species in 15 urban green spaces of varying size in Sheffield, England, a city of more than a half-million people. They also interviewed 312 green-space users and asked a series of questions related to the degree of psychological well-being obtained from green-space use. From the answers, the researchers obtained a measure of user “attachment” to green spaces (strength of emotional ties). Their results are in the table at the top of this page.

a. Which of the three measures of green-space biodiversity (number of butterfly species, number of bird species, and ln number of plant species) is most strongly correlated with the “attachment” variable? Provide a standard error with each of your correlations.

b. Provide an approximate 95% confidence interval for each of your correlations in part (a).

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DATA TABLE FOR PROBLEM 16 Site Attachment Area Number of (ha) butterfly species 66 AA 4.44.4 23.823.8 Number of bird species 1212 In (number of plant species) 5.15.1