The naked mole rat is a very unusual creature. For one thing, it is the only known mammal that is eusocial, with most individuals forgoing reproduction and instead helping to raise the offspring of the “king” and “queen” of their colony. They also live many times longer than other animals their size, and even up to twice as long as their two closely related species, the blind mole rat and the Damaraland mole rat (Edrey et al. 2012). It is possible that this difference is in part caused by differential expression of a transcription factor called HIF1-α , which regulates proteins called neuregulins (neural growth factors thought to be involved in maintaining nerve function). The data below give measurements of HIF1-α expression in several individuals from each of the three species (expressed as a percentage of the expression of actin, a common protein used as a reference). Does the expression of HIF1-α differ among these three species?

a. Show the data in a graph. What trend is suggested?

b. Do the species differ significantly in their mean amount of HIF1-α ? (Use a log transformation to improve the fit to assumptions.)