The ANOVA approach was used to test the null hypothesis of zero slope for the regression of lizard territory area on bite force (see Practice Problem 12), and it yielded the following results.

a. Complete the ANOVA table.

b. Using the F-statistic , test the null hypothesis of zero slope at the significance level α=0.05.

c. What are your assumptions in part (b)?

d. What does the MS_residual measure?

e. Calculate the R² statistic. What does it measure?

Data from Problem 12

Male lizards in the species Crotaphytus collaris use their jaws as weapons during territorial interactions. Lappin and Husak (2005) tested whether weapon performance (bite force in newtons) predicted territory size in this species. Their measurements for both variables are listed in the following table for 11 males.

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Source of variation Regression Regression ResidualResidual TotalTotal Sum of squares 37585393758539 73036627303662 did f 11 99 Mean squares F-ratioF-ratio