Question: When a valve casting containing copper and nickel solidifies under nonequilibrium conditions, we find that the composition of the alloy varies substantially over a distance

When a valve casting containing copper and nickel solidifies under nonequilibrium conditions, we find that the composition of the alloy varies substantially over a distance of 0.005 cm. Usually we are able to eliminate this concentration difference by heating the alloy for 8 h at 1200°C; however, sometimes this treatment causes the alloy to begin to melt, destroying the part. Design a heat treatment that will eliminate the non-uniformity without melting. Assume that the cost of operating the furnace per hour doubles for each 100°C increase in temperature.

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