Gender, salary negotiation, and chi square: Researchers investigated whether language in job postings affected the likelihood that women and men would negotiate regarding salary (Leibbrandt & List, 2012). Some job postings clearly indicated that the salary was negotiable, and others contained no such statement. The postings were otherwise identical. The researchers examined the behavior of almost 2500 applicants for one of the jobs in these advertisements. The graph following shows the proportions of women and men who negotiated in response to either type of listing.

a. What are the variables in this study, what are their levels, and what types of variables are they?

b. Explain why the researchers would have been able to use chi square in this study. Which type of chi-square test would have been appropriate?

c. Based on the graph, explain in your own words what the researchers found, assuming the nding was statistically signicant.