The following statements are wrong but can be corrected by substituting one word or phrase. (See the instructions in Exercise 1.13.) Identify the incorrect word or phrase in each of the following statements and supply the correct word.

a. A researcher examined the effect of the ordinal variable

“gender” on the scale variable “hours of reality television watched per week.”

b. A psychologist used a between-groups design to study the effects of an independent variable (a workout video)

on the dependent variable (the weight) of a group of undergraduate students before and aer viewing the video.

c. In a study on the effects of the confounding variable of noise level on the dependent variable of memory,