In Problem 12.54, you calculated the CO₂ emission factor for several hydrocarbon fuels. Derive an expression for the CO₂ emission factor for an arbitrary hydrocarbon C_xH_y in which the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio y/x appears explicitly. Assume that all the fuel carbon appears in the products as CO₂ and use “simple” air. The atomic weights of C and H are 12.011 and 1.008, respectively. Use your expression to evaluate four of the same fuels as before:

i. Methane (CH₄)

ii. Propane (C₃H₈)

iii. Gasoline (C₈H₁₅-equivalent)iv. Diesel fuel (C₁₅H₂₂-equivalent)Plot the CO₂ emission factor as a function of the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio y/x.

Problem 12.54

Determine the mass of CO₂ produced (kg) per unit of energy released (kJ), i.e., the CO₂ emission, for the complete combustion of the following fuels. The higher heating value (HHV) expresses the energy released per mass of fuel burned.

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Fuel Methane Natural gas Gasoline Diesel Ethanol Coal (Pbgh. #8) Hydrogen Composition CH4 C1.16H4.32 No.11 C7.9H14.8 C12.3H222 C₂H60 C65H52NSO3 H₂ Higher heating value (kJ/kg) 55,528 50,000 47,300 44,800 29,700 32,550 142,000