Compact fluorescent bulbs are much more efficient at producing light than are ordinary incandescent bulbs. They initially cost much more, but they last far longer and use much less electricity. According to one study of these bulbs, a compact bulb that produces as much light as a 100-W incandescent bulb uses only 23 W of power. The compact bulb lasts 10,000 hours, on the average, and costs $11.00, whereas the incandescent bulb costs only $0.75, but lasts just 750 hours. The study assumed that electricity costs $0.080 per kilowatt-hour and that the bulbs are on for 4.0 h per day.

(a) What is the total cost (including the price of the bulbs) to run each bulb for 3.0 years?

(b) How much do you save over 3.0 years if you use a compact fluorescent bulb instead of an incandescent bulb?

(c) What is the resistance of a “100-W” fluorescent bulb? (Remember, it actually uses only 23 W of power and operates across 120 V.)