Table 11.11, summarized again here, showed the associations between death penalty opinion and gender and race.

a. True or false: The table with the larger X2 statistic necessarily has the stronger association. Explain.
b. To make an inference about the strength of association in the population, you can construct confidence intervals around the sample differences of proportions. The 95% confidence intervals are (0.19, 0.32) comparing whites and blacks and (0.05, 0.13) comparing males and females in the proportions favoring the death penalty. In the population, can you make a conclusion about which variable is more strongly associated with the death penalty opinion? Explain.

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Opinion Race White Black Gender Male Female Favor 71% 46% Oppose 29% 54% 71% 62% 29% 38%