Tantallon Inc. is a publicly traded company. During its year ended December 31, 2018, Tantallon reported net income of $11,879,500. During fiscal 2018, Tantallon declared and paid dividends of $0.08 per share on its 100,000,000 outstanding common shares. During the year, no shares were issued and none were repurchased from investors. In addition, Tantallon paid $500,000 in preferred dividends. On December 31, 2018, Tantallon's common share price was $5.75.

Required:

Calculate the following ratios for 2018. Explain and interpret the meaning of each ratio:

a. Basic earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2018 

b. Price-to-earnings ratio on December 31, 2018

c. Dividend payout ratio for the year ended December 31, 2018

d. Dividend yield on December 31, 2018