The Dubuque Cement Company packs 80-pound bags of concrete mix. Time-study data for the filling activity are shown in the following table. Because of the high physical demands of the job, the company€™s policy is a 23% allowance for workers.
(a) Compute the standard time for the bag-packing task.
(b) How many observations are necessary for 99% confidence, within 5% accuracy?

a Bag breaks open; included as delay in the allowance factor.
b Conveyor jams; included as delay in the allowancefactor.

Observations (seconds) Performance 1 2 3 4 5 Rating (%) Element Grasp and place bag 89 8 7 Fill bag Seal bag Place bag on coneor 8 6 930b 35b 110 85 105 90 36 41 39 35 112 15 17 13 20 18