The following are some reasons why organizations fail:

• Lack of goal clarity—strategic goals are not clear or linked to the organization’s design.

• Lack of internal alignment—the design of the organization doesn’t pinpoint authority, responsibility, and accountability.

• Ineffective attention to customers’ needs—the strategy and design are out of touch with the needs of customers.

• Lack of external fit—the design does not match the demands of suppliers, distributors, and customers. Identify and briefly describe one organization (e.g., General Motors, Chrysler, Citigroup) whose ineffectiveness you believe reflects these reasons.