The Maricopa County Medical Society (Society) is a professional association that represents doctors of medicine, osteopathy, and podiatry in Maricopa County, Arizona. The society formed the Maricopa Foundation for Medical Care (Foundation), a nonprofit Arizona corporation. Approximately 70 percent of the doctors in the county belong to Foundation. Foundation acts as an insurance administrator between its member doctors and insurance companies that pay patients’ medical bills.
Foundation established a maximum fee schedule for various medical services. The member doctors agreed to abide by this fee schedule when providing services to patients. The state of Arizona brought this action against Society and Foundation and its members, alleging price fixing, in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act. Who wins? Arizona v. Maricopa County Medical Society, 457 U. S. 332, 102 S. Ct. 2466, 1982 U. S. Lexis 5 (Supreme Court of the United States)