The table shows 2008 GSS data on happiness and the highest degree attained.

a. The chi-squared test of independence has X2 = 64.41. What conclusion would you make using a significance level of 0.05? Interpret.
b. Does this large chi-squared value mean there is a strong association between happiness and highest degree? Explain.
c. Estimate the difference between the lowest and highest education groups in the proportion who report being not too happy. Interpret.
d. Find and interpret the relative risk of being not too happy, comparing the lowest and highest education groups. Interpret.

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Happiness Highest Degree < High school HS, junior college College, grad school Not Too Happy 87 181 48 Pretty Happy 137 654 308 Very Happy 72 337 190