Theory of constraints, throughput contribution, quality. Refer to the information in Exercise 19-25 in answering the following requirements. There is no connection between the requirements.

1. Mayfield produces 2,000 defective units at the machining operation. What is the cost to Mayfield of the defective items produced? Explain your answer briefly.

2. Mayfield produces 2,000 defective units at the finishing operation. What is the cost to Mayfield of the defective items produced? Explain your answer briefly.