To help its user's combat malicious attacks (e.g., worms, viruses) on its computer software, Microsoft periodically issues a security bulletin that reports the software affected by the vulnerability. In Computers & Security (July 2013), researchers focused on reported security issues with three Microsoft products:

Office, Windows, and Explorer

a. In a sample of 50 security bulletins issued in a recent year, 32 reported a security issue with Windows, 6 with Explorer, and 12 with Office. Construct a pie chart to describe the Microsoft products with security issues. Which product had the lowest proportion of security issues?

b. The researchers also categorized the security bulletins according to the expected repercussion of the vulnerability. Categories were Denial of service, Information disclosure, Remote code execution, Spoofing, and Privilege elevation. Suppose that of the 50 bulletins sampled, the following numbers of bulletins were classified into each respective category: 6, 8, 22, 3, 11. Construct a Pareto diagram to describe the expected repercussions from security issues. Based on the graph, what repercussion would you advise Microsoft to focus on?