Use software to conduct an ANOVA to analyze the Memory data set using a block design. The variables in the ANOVA should be Student, Wordlist, Distracter, and a Wordlist* Distracter interaction term. This ANOVA looks very similar to the two-way ANOVA conducted in Question 1, but now there is one additional variable in the ANOVA, Student.*
a. Write the hypotheses corresponding to the three original research questions and provide a p-value for each hypothesis.
b. The goals of this study did not include determining if there was a difference between students. However, using a block design, the researchers assumed that Student was a nuisance factor that might explain some of the variability in their study. Based on the p-value for Student provided in the ANOVA, do you believe that student-to-student variability explains much of the variability in the data?
c. Create a main effects plot comparing the effects of Student, Wordlist, and Distracter. Explain how the p-values correspond to what you see in the main effects plot.
d. Create a probability plot or histogram of the residuals to determine if the residuals are consistent with data from a normal distribution. State your conclusions for this study. Be sure to clearly identify the population for which these conclusions hold and also state whether causation has been shown.