W. D. Hicks and R. J. Klimoski studied the effects of two factors-degree of attendance choice and prior information-on managers' evaluation of a two-day workshop concerning performance reviews. Degree of attendance choice had two levels: high (little pressure from supervisors to attend) and low (mandatory attendance). Prior information also had two levels: realistic preview and traditional announcement. Twenty-one managers were randomly assigned to the four treatment combinations. At the end of the program, each manager was asked to rate the workshop on a seven-point scale (1 = no satisfaction, 7 - extreme satisfaction). The following sample treatment means were obtained:

Prior Information Degree of Attendance Choice High Low Realistic Preview 6.20 5.33 Traditional Announcement 6.06 4.82