Wan, Friedman, Boutros, and Crawford (2008) studied a possible link between smoking and certain personality traits by sex. In a description of their participants (M ± SD), the researchers stated that "of those who reported smoking, men (n=61) and women (n=93) reported … similar daily cigarette consumption per day (men: 4.25±6.25 cigarettes per day; women: 3.84±5.26 cigarettes per day)" (Wan et al., 2008, p. 428).

(a) State the degrees of freedom for variance for men and for women.

(b) Assume these data are approximately normally distributed. Is it more likely that men or women smoked at least half a pack (10 cigarettes) per day? Explain.