What affects marketing managers€™ hourly wages? To find out, mean hourly wages were retrieved from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics for two managerial occupations in marketing (Sales managers, Advertising managers) for a random sample of states from three regions (Midwest, Southeast, West; www.bls.gov/data/#wages). Here are boxplots showing mean hourly wages for the two marketing occupations and the three regions as well as the results for a two-way ANOVA.

a) Is this an experiment or an observational study? Explain.
b) Are the conditions for two-way ANOVA met?
c) If so, perform the hypothesis tests and state your conclusions in terms of hourly wages, occupational type, and region.
d) Is it appropriate to interpret the main effects in this case? Explain.

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60 50 30 20 ADV Sales Manager Type 60 50 30 20 MW SE Region Sum of Mean Source Manager Type DF Squares Square F ratio P-value 1325.93 1325.93 31.84 0.0001 Region 2 153.55 76.78 1.84 0.176 0.678 Interaction 232.74 16.37 0.39 Error Total 30 1249.32 41.64 35 2761.55