What two conditions must be met to go from Formula 10-7 to Formula 10-8 in using the

Question:

What two conditions must be met to go from Formula 10-7 to Formula 10-8 in using the valuation model?
Dividend
A dividend is a distribution of a portion of company’s earnings, decided and managed by the company’s board of directors, and paid to the shareholders. Dividends are given on the shares. It is a token reward paid to the shareholders for their...