Which of the following are free riders, which are forced riders, and which are just people paying for public goods?
a. In Britain, Alistair pays a tax to support the British Broadcasting Company. He doesn’t own a radio or TV.
b. Monica pays her local property taxes and state incomes taxes. Police patrol her neighborhood regularly.
c. Richard, a young boy in 1940s Los Angeles, jumps on board the streetcar without paying.
d. In the United States, Sara pays taxes to fund children’s immunizations. She lives out in the forest, has no family, and rarely sees other people.
e. In Japan, Dave, a tourist from the United States, enjoys the public parks.