Why do most monatomic cations of the main-group elements have a charge equal to the group number?

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Why do most monatomic cations of the main-group elements have a charge equal to the group number? Why do most monatomic anions of these elements have a charge equal to the group number minus eight?
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General Chemistry

ISBN: 978-1439043998

9th edition

Authors: Darrell Ebbing, Steven D. Gammon

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