Why does voter turnout vary from election to election? For municipal elections in five different cities, information has been gathered on the percentage of registered voters who actually voted, unemployment rate, average years of education for the city, and the percentage of all political ads that used €œnegative campaigning€ (personal attacks, negative portrayals of the opponent€™s record, etc.). For each relationship:

a. Draw a scatter gram and a freehand regression line.

b. Compute the slope (b) and then find the Y intercept (a).

c. State the least-squares regression line and then predict the voter turnout for a city in which the unemployment rate was 12%€”a city in which the average years of schooling was 11, and a city that had an election in which 90% of the ads were negative.

d. Compute r and r². (Hint: A computing table like Table 13.4 is highly recommended. If you constructed one for computing b, you already have most of the quantities you will need to solve for r.)

e. Describe the strength and direction of each relationship in a sentence or two. Which factor had the strongest effect on turnout?

Turnout and Unemployment

Turnout and Level of Education

Turnout and Negative Campaigning

Unemployment Rate City Turnout 55 5% 60 8% 65 9% 9% 68 70 10%