Without consulting Appendix 3, predict whether the entropy change is positive or negative for each of the

Question:

Without consulting Appendix 3, predict whether the entropy change is positive or negative for each of the following reactions. Give reasons for your predictions.
(a) 2KClO4(s) → 2KClO3(s) + O2(g)
(b) H2O(g) → H2O(l)
(c) 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
(d) N2(g) + 2N(g)