Woodland caribou are found primarily in the western provinces of Canada and the American northwest. The average lifespan of a female is about 14 years. The birth and survival rate for each age bracket are given in Table 3.4, which shows that caribou cows do not give birth at all during their first 2 years and give birth to about one calf per year during their middle years. The mortality rate for young calves is very high.

The numbers of woodland caribou reported in Jasper National park in Alberta in 1990 is shown in Table 3.5 Using a CAS predict the caribou population for 1992 and 1994. Then project the population for the years 2010 and 2020. What do you conclude? What assumptions does this model make, and how could it be improved?

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Birth (years Rate 0.0 0.4 Survival Rate 0.3 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.0 0-2 4-6 6-8 8-10 10-12 12-14 0.6