You are the audit manager for Ken-Ron Enterprises. Your firm has been the entity's auditor for 15 years. Your firm normally uses a range of 3% to 5% of income before taxes to calculate overall materiality and 50-75% of overall materiality to calculate tolerable misstatement. Ken-Ron has reported the following financial statement data (in millions) for the last four years:

Required:
a. If you planned on using income before taxes as the benchmark to compute overall materiality and tolerable misstatement, how would you compute those amounts for 2015? Prepare and justify your calculations.
b. Determine overall materiality and tolerable misstatement using either total assets or total revenues as the benchmark. Make the calculations by utilizing both .25% and 2%, the endpoints of the range that your firm's guidance provides.
c. Assume that during the course of the 2015 audit you discovered misstatements totaling $50 million (approximately 50% of the 2015 income before taxes of $105 million). Discuss whether this amount of misstatement is material given your benchmark calculations from parts a. and b. above.

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2015 2013 2012 453 11,966 8,984 2014 Income before taxes Total assets Total revenues 105* 23,422 20,272 584 520 6137 339 9,189 13,289