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business
management leadership

Questions and Answers of Management Leadership

Last month, Larry completed an assignment as chief project engineering on project X. It was a pleasing assignment. Larry, and all of the other project personnel, were continually kept informed (by
Phase I of a program has just been completed successfully. The customer, however, was displeased because he always had to wait three weeks to a month after all tests were complete before data were
You are a subcontractor to company Z, who in turn is the prime contractor to company Q. Before any design review or technical interchange meeting, company Z requires that they review all material to
Referring to Problem 5–43, during contract negotiations between company Q and company Z, you, as project manager for the subcontractor, are sitting in your office when the phone rings. It is
How does a project manager find out if the project team members from the functional departments have the authority to make decisions?
One of your functional people has been assigned to perform a certain test and document the results. For two weeks you “hound” this individual only to find out that he is continually
During a crisis, you find that all of the functional managers as well as the team members are writing letters and memos to you, whereas previously everything was verbal. How do you account for this?
Below are several problems that commonly occur in project organizations. State, if possible, the effect that each problem could have on communications and time management:a. People tend to resist
How can executives obtain loyalty and commitments from horizontal and vertical personnel in a project organizational structure?
What is meant by polarization of communications? What are the most common causes?
Many project managers contend that project team meetings are flooded with agenda items, many of which may be irrelevant. How do you account for this?
Paul O. Gaddis (“The Project Manager,” Harvard Business Review, May–June 1959, p. 90, copyright © 1959 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. All rights reserved) has stated that: In
The customer has asked to have a customer representative office set up in the same building as the project office. As project manager, you put the customer’s office at the opposite end of the
During an interchange meeting from the customer, one of the functional personnel makes a presentation stating that he personally disagrees with the company’s solution to the particular problem
Do you agree or disagree with the statement that documenting results “forces” people to learn?
Should a project manager encourage the flow of problems to him? If yes, should he be selective in which ones to resolve?
Is it possible for a project manager to hold too few project review meetings?
If all projects are different, should there exist a uniform company policies and procedures manual?
Of the ten items below, which are considered as part of directing and which are controlling?a. Supervisingb. Communicatingc. Delegatingd. Evaluatinge. Measuringf. Motivatingg. Coordinatingh.
Which of the following items is not considered to be one of the seven Ms of management?a. Manpowerb. Moneyc. Machinesd. Methodse. Materialsf. Minutesg. Mission
Match the following leadership styles (source unknown):1. Management by inaction _____ a. Has an executive who manages with2. Management by detail _____ flair, wisdom, and vision. He
Should time robbers be added to direct labor standards for pricing out work?
Is it possible for a project manager to improve his time management skills by knowing the “energy cycle” of his people? Can this energy cycle be a function of the hour of the day, day of the
Is it possible to establish formal organizational procedures (either at the project level or company-wide) for the resolution of conflicts? If a procedure is established, what can go wrong?
Under what conditions would a conflict result between members of a group over misunderstandings of each other’s roles?
Is it possible to have a situation in which conflicts are not effectively controlled, and yet have a decision-making process that is not lengthy or cumbersome?
If conflicts develop into a situation where mistrust prevails, would you expect activity documentation to increase or decrease? Why?
If a situation occurs that can develop into meaningful conflict, should the project manager let the conflict continue as long as it produces beneficial contributions, or should he try to resolve it
Mr. X is the project manager of a $65 million project of which $1 million is subcontracted out to another company in which Mr. Y is project manager. Unfortunately, Mr. X does not consider Mr. Y as
Contract negotiations can easily develop into conflicts. During a disagreement, the vice president of company A ordered his director of finance, the contract negotiator, to break off contract
For each part below there are two statements; one represents the traditional view and the other the project organizational view. Identify each one.a. Conflict should be avoided; conflict is part of
Using the modes for conflict resolution defined in Section 7.6, which would be strongly favorable and strongly unfavorable for resolving conflicts between:a. Project manager and his project office
Which influence methods should increase and which should decrease the opportunities for conflict between the following:Project manager and his project office personnel?Project manager and the
Would you agree or disagree with the statement that “Conflict resolution through collaboration needs trust; people must rely on one another.”
Davis and Lawrence (Matrix, © 1977. Adapted by permission of Pearson Education Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey) identify several situations common to the matrix that can easily develop into
Determine the best conflict resolution mode for each of the following situations: a. Two of your functional team members appear to have personality clashes and almost always assume opposite points of
Forcing a confrontation to take place assures that action will be taken. Is it possible that, by using force, a lack of trust among the participants will develop?
With regard to conflict resolution, should it matter to whom in the organization the project manager reports?
One of the most common conflicts in an organization occurs with raw materials and finished goods. Why would finance/accounting, marketing/sales, and manufacturing have disagreements?
Explain how the relative intensity of a conflict can vary as a function of:a. Getting closer to the actual constraintsb. Having only two constraints instead of three (i.e., time and performance, but
The conflicts shown in Figure are given relative intensities as perceived in project driven organizations. Would this list be arranged differently for non€“project-drivenorganizations?
Consider the responses made by the project managers in Figures 7â€“1 through 7â€“3. Which of their choices do you agree with, and which do you disagree with? Justify youranswers.
As a good project manager, you try to plan for conflict avoidance. You now have a low intensity conflict with a functional manager and, as in the past, handle the conflict with confrontation. If you
Jones Construction Company has recently won a $120 million effort for a local company. The effort includes three separate construction projects, each one beginning at the same time. Two of the
Several years ago, Minnesota Power and Light established priorities as follows:Level 0: no priorityLevel 1: to be completed on or before a specific dateLevel 2: to be completed in or before a given
Richard is a department manager who must supply resources to four different projects. Although each project has an established priority, the project managers continually argue that departmental
Beta Company has decided to modify its wage and salary administration program whereby line managers are evaluated for promotion and merit increases based on how well they have lived up to the
How should a project manager handle a situation in which the functional employee (or functional manager) appears to have more loyalty to his profession, discipline, or expertise than to the project?
Most wage and salary administrators contend that project management organizational structures must be “married” to the personnel evaluation process because personnel are always concerned with how
As part of the evaluation process for functional employees, each project manager submits a written, confidential evaluation report to the employee€™s department manager who, in turn, makes
Should the evaluation form in Figure be shown to theemployees?
Does a functional employee have the right to challenge any items in the project manager’s non-confidential evaluation form?
Some executives feel that evaluation forms should not include cooperation and attitude. The executives feel that a functional employee will always follow the instructions of the functional manager,
Consider a situation in which the project manager (a generalist) is asked to provide an evaluation of a functional employee (a specialist). Can the project manager effectively evaluate the functional
Gary has been assigned as a part-time, assistant project manager. Gary’s duties are split between assistant project management and being a functional employee. In addition, Gary reports both
The following question was asked of executives: How do you know when to cut off research? The answers given: That’s a good question, a very good question, and some people don’t know when to cut
In a small company, can a functional manager act as director of engineering and director of project management at the same time?
In 2002, an electrical equipment manufacturer decentralized the organization, allowing each division manager to set priorities for the work in his division. The division manager of the R&D division
The executives of a company that produces electro-optical equipment for military use found it necessary to implement project management using a matrix. The project managers reported to corporate
Consider the four items listed on page 123 that describe what happens when a matrix goes out of control. Which of these end up creating the greatest difficulty for the company? For the project
How efficient can project management be in a unionized, immobile manpower environment?
Corporate salary structures and limited annual raise allocations often prevent proper project management performance rewards. Explain how each of the following could serve as a motivational factor:a.
What is an effective working relationship between project managers themselves?
Must everyone in the organization understand the “rules of the game” for project management to be effective?
Defend the statement that the first step in making project management work must be a complete definition of the boundaries across which the project manager must interact.
Should age have a bearing on how long it takes an executive to accept project management?
You have been called in by the executive management of a major utility company and asked to give a “selling” speech on why the company should go to project management. What are you going to say?
Some executives would prefer to have their project managers become tunnel-vision workaholics, with the project managers falling in love with their jobs and living to work instead of working to live.
Project management is designed to make effective and efficient use of resources. Most companies that adopt project management find it easier to underemploy and schedule overtime than to overemploy
The director of engineering services of R. P. Corporation believes that a project organizational structure of some sort would help resolve several of his problems. As part of the discussion, the
How should a project manager react when he finds inefficiency in the functional lines? Should executive management become involved?
An electrical equipment manufacturing company has just hired you to conduct a three day seminar on project management for sixty employees. The president of the company asks you to have lunch with him
Should project managers be permitted to establish prerequisites for top management regarding standard company procedures?
During the implementation of project management, you find that line managers are reluctant to release any information showing utilization of resources in their line function. How should this
Corporate engineering of a large corporation usually assumes control of all plant expansion projects in each of its plants for all projects over $25 million. For each case below, discuss the
An aircraft company requires seven years from initial idea to full production of a military aircraft. Consider the following facts: engineering design requires a minimum of two years of R&D;
Does a project sponsor have the right to have an in-house representative removed from his company?
An executive once commented that his company was having trouble managing projects, not because of a lack of tools and techniques, but because they (employees) did not know how to manage what they
Ajax National is the world’s largest machine tool equipment manufacturer. Its success is based on the experience of its personnel. The majority of its department managers are fortyfive to
When does project management turn into over management?
Brainstorming at United Central Bank (Part I): As part of the 1989 strategic policy plan for United Central Bank, the president, Joseph P. Keith, decided to embark on weekly “brainstorming
Brainstorming at United Central Bank (Part II): After reading the inquiry committee report, President Keith decided to reassess his thinking about brainstorming by listing the advantages and
Brainstorming at United Central Bank (Part III): President Keith evaluated all of the data and decided to give the brainstorming committee one more chance. What changes can Joseph Keith implement in
Explain the meaning of the following proverb: “The first 10 percent of the work is accomplished with 90 percent of the budget. The second 90 percent of the work is accomplished with the remaining
You are a line manager, and two project managers (each reporting to a divisional vice president) enter your office soliciting resources. Each project manager claims that his project is top priority
Figure shows the organizational structure for a new Environmental Protection Agency project. Alpha Company was one of three subcontractors chosen for the contract. Because this was a new effort, the
You are the customer for a twelve-month project. You have team meetings scheduled with your subcontractor on a monthly basis. The contract has a contractual requirement to prepare a twenty-five- to
You have a work breakdown structure (WBS) that is detailed to level 5. One level-5 work package requires that a technical subcontractor be selected to support one of the technical line organizations.
Should a client have the right to communicate directly to the project staff (i.e., project office) rather than directly to the project manager, or should this be at the discretion of the project
Your company has assigned one of its vice presidents to function as your project sponsor. Unfortunately, your sponsor refuses to make any critical decisions, always “passing the buck” back to
Under what conditions would each of the following either not be available or not be necessary for initial planning?a. Work breakdown structureb. Statement of workc. Specificationsd. Milestone
What planning steps should precede total program scheduling? What steps are necessary?
How does a project manager determine how complex to make a program plan or how many schedules to include?
Can objectives always be identified and scheduled?
Can a WBS always be established for attaining an objective?
Who determines the work necessary to accomplish an objective?
What roles does a functional manager play in establishing the first three levels of the WBS?
If the scope of effort of a project changes during execution of activities, what should be the role of the functional manager?
What types of conflicts can occur during the planning cycle, and what modes should be used for their resolution?
What would be the effectiveness of Figure if the work packages were replaced bytasks?

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