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Questions and Answers of Management Leadership

What are the direct and indirect channels of distribution available to exporters? Under what conditions would the use of each be the most appropriate?
Terms of payment represent an extremely important facet of export transactions. Describe the various terms of payments in increasing order of risk.
What is the role of government (home country) in export activities? Explain in the context of U.S. exporters.
Managing imports in the United States is by and large easier and less risky than managing export? Give reasons why this is true.
What are gray markets? What factors led to the development of gray markets?
As presented in Global Perspective 16-3, the rampant gray market of iPhone largely resulted from Apple’s international strategy. In order to reduce and control gray market, what strategies should
How does a global networked organization differ from the matrix structure?
Describe how external environmental drivers influence the organizational design decision.
What are the pros and cons of a regional organization structure?
What mechanisms can companies use to foster a global corporate culture?
What does it take for an MNC to be a ‘‘multi-local multinational’’?
In his book, The End of the Nation State (New York: The Free Press, 1995), Kenichi Ohmae makes the following observations about country-based organization structures: One of the prime difficulties of
What are the characteristics of emerging markets? What is the meaning of BRIC and N-11? What is so special about the groups of countries falling under these two rubrics? How do the BRIC countries
What are the key characteristics of emerging markets?
Explain what is meant by ‘‘backward innovation.’’ What are its pluses and minuses?
How do you explain the rise of the new champions? How can MNCs compete against them?
Explain the bottom-of-the-pyramid paradigm. From the multinational’s perspective, the BOP a golden opportunity or is it simply a mirage?
What are the challenges posed by EMs in the area of distribution/communications? What are some of the solutions?
What do you think will be the impact of the global economic downturn on the developing world’s emerging champions? Will it strengthen or weaken them? Explain.
The chapter discussed the rise of the so-called emerging giants. Several Chinese companies are trying to expand overseas by acquiring foreign brands. The most visible example of this phenomenon was
Tata recently launched the Nano in India, the company’s home market. The Nano is the world’s cheapest cars. Tata has ambitious plans, including introducing the car in Europe and the United
Many companies assume that emerging markets are technology backwaters. Do you agree or this just a myth? Explain.
What structural barriers impact the use of the internet as an international marketing medium?
What advantages do click-and-mortar retailers have over pure web retailers? What are the disadvantages?
Explain the notion of price transparency in the context of the internet. What are the possible solutions that marketers can have to cope with the problem?
In many countries, the internet infrastructure is far less sophisticated than in the United States. Phone lines are of poor quality. Transmission rates are slow. What does poor infrastructure imply
For international web marketers, one major dilemma is to what degree they should localize their websites. What forces favor centralization? Which factors might tilt the balance toward localization?
Some observers claim that the internet revolutionizes the way small and medium-sized companies (SMEs) can compete in the global market place. In essence, the internet has created a level playing
Dozens of internet research firms such as Forrester Research and International Data Corp. issue projections and studies about the future of e-commerce and the internet market in general. The figures
Web companies that rely on advertising are booming in developing countries. YouTube’s audience nearly doubled in India and Brazil. This sounds like good news. Unfortunately, many of these big web
What lessons should Carrefour India learn from the Japanese and Chinese markets?
Is it the right time to enter the Indian retail market? If so, what is the best entry mode?
Due to the cultural diversity in India, how should Carrefour segment the market and cater to customer needs?
How can Crrefour improve and make use of the current infrastructure in India?
Was Seiyu the best partner for Wal-Mart?
What were Wal-Mart’s cultural oversights and how could they more effectively adapt to meet the needs of Japanese consumers?
Given the competitive landscape in the Japanese Market, do you think Wal-Mart should consider converting to/adopting the convenience store format?
Should Wal-Mart leave Japan? If so, what would be the implications on Wal-Mart as a corporation and a brand? If not, how can Wal-Mart remain competitive and become profitable?
How do you anticipate the incident will affect Arla’s brand image? Specifically, in Islamic countries versus the Western world?
Should Arla Foods restructure the existing promotional strategy globally? Only in Muslim countries?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of being a multinational company in such a situation?
How should Arla respond to the boycott in the Middle East?
What lesson can be learned from these events?
Given Club Med’s current problems, do you feel the company could have avoided its pricing scheme problems through different expansion plans?
Why is Club Med unable to offer competitive prices?
Given Club Med’s current problems, do you think that ‘‘the Club’’ will be able to survive by keeping its current pricing strategy or do you think a new strategy should be implemented?
How can Club Med continue to differentiate itself in order to sustain its competitive advantage against its competitors who seem to be imitating its service concepts?
Club Med has changed its strategy recently to a more luxury driven one. By the end of 2008, the company hopes to have most of its villas operating as luxurious boutiques. Spending $50 million a villa
Does adapting the promotion of its motor vehicles to suit each country’s culture make sense for Honda?
Is it wise for Honda to market its products the same way in every country?
Is pricing its vehicles similar to the competition a good strategy for Honda?
Should Honda change its product mix from country to country?
Is distributing its motor vehicles together with its motorcycles a good strategy for Honda?
Is the European market too competitive for Honda?
Use the characteristics of a project to differentiate it from a nonproject.
Contrast win - lose negotiation with win - win negotiation and explain why the latter is so important in project management.
Identify the three goals of a project and describe how the project manager achieves them. What does it mean for a project to be “overdetermined?”
Contrast the two types of project life cycles and discuss why it is important to know which type the current project is following.
How does the weighted scoring approach avoid the drawbacks of the NPV approach? Can the two approaches be combined? How? What weights would be appropriate if they were combined?
What advantages are lost if the sum of the weights in a weighted scoring approach does not add to 1.0? Why is it suggested that factors with less than 2 percent or 3 percent impact not be considered
Draw a distinction between a project and a program. Why is the distinction important?
Why is it important for a project to have “flexibility”?
Why are R& D projects in a company’ s Aggregate Project Plan significantly different in type from the firm’ s Derivative, Breakthrough, and Platform projects?
Contrast the three types of nonnumeric project selection methods. Could any specific case combine two of them, such as the sacred cow and the operating necessity, or the comparative benefits and the
What errors in a firm’s project portfolio might the Wheelwright and Clark aggregate project plan graphically identify?
You are the project manager of a team of software specialists working on a project to produce a piece of application software in the field of project management. Give some examples of things that
In Figure what distribution of large and small circles and squares across the four boxes would characterize a strong, well - positioned product development business? A weak business?
Give several examples of projects found in your city, region, or country—avoiding those used as examples in the chapter.
For each of the projects identified in the answer to Question 14, is the life cycle for the project S–shaped or J-shaped?
Construct a list of factors, conditions, and circumstances you think might be important for a manufacturing firm to evaluate during the project selection process. Do the same for a computer repair
How might you use project management for doing a major school work assignment?
A four - year financial project is forecast to have net cash inflows of $20,000; $25,000; $30,000; and $50,000 in the next four years. It will cost $75,000 to implement the project, payable at the
In the project described in Problem 18, assume that the net cash inflows are probabilistic variables. Further assume that each forecast net cash inflow is normally distributed with standard
Using a spreadsheet for Problem 21, find the following:(a) What would be your recommendation if the weight for the transportation cost went down to 10 and the weight for union relations went up to
Using a spreadsheet for Problem 23, determine how Nina’s ability to negotiate a lower rent at location 3, thereby raising its ranking to “good,” will affect the overall rankings of the four
Information about the cash flows for a four'year financial project are listed in the following table. The cash flows are assumed to follow a triangular distribution. The cost of implementing the
Server Farm Inc. (SFI) needs to upgrade its server computers. Company management has identified the following two options: (1) Shift to a Windows – based platform from its current Unix-based
What information does Alison need to determine the probable impact of Kelsey’s proposed project on the other projects in the department? Should her findings affect her decision about Kelsey’s
1. Construct an aggregate project plan for USP.2. What criteria would you recommend USP use in selecting its projects this year?3. Based on your recommended criteria and the aggregate project plan,
1. Which projects would you recommend Handstar pursue based on the NPV approach?2. Assume the founders weigh a project’s NPV twice as much as both obtaining/retaining a leadership position and
Explain why the systems approach is necessary to manage projects.
Can you think of any other desirable characteristics for team members than those listed in Section 2.6?
Explain the meaning and implications of “projectitis.”
Review the chapter and make a list of all the advantages and disadvantages of matrix project organization you can find. Then add to the list any additional advantages or disadvantages that may have
What is meant by “micromanagement?” Why is it such a managerial sin?
List five reasons to organize a new product development project as a functionally organized project in the parent firm’s Marketing department.
List five reasons to organize a new product development project as a transdisciplinary, matrix–organized project.
Exactly why were projects in the pharmaceutical company mentioned in Section 2.5 in the PMO subsection always late and over budget?
Why would the members of a “NOT” work independently if they were members of a designated team? What does “independently” mean in this context?
The chapter mentions that regular functional managers are moving from their classic authoritarian style to a facilitative, participatory style because it is more effective. Do you think it took
There is danger in letting the client “visit” the project operation too frequently, not the least of which is “scope creep” or informal change to the project’s performance specifications.
How should a PM decide which problems (or potential problems) deserve being reported to management and which are not worth the trouble when attempting to “never surprise the boss?”
Discuss how you would go about getting competent staff from a functional department.
Another trade-off PMs have to make is between team process and progress—the purpose being to keep the peace, give the team an occasional rest, protect the larger organization or other projects, and
Usually projects involving high levels of technological uncertainty are quite complex. Yet Shenhar says to use a flexible management style with high-uncertainty projects, but a formal style with
In many project - oriented organizations, even routine processes are treated as projects. Why do you think this happened? How is it accomplished?
A matrix organization is difficult to manage all by itself. What do you think the problems would be in managing mixed organizational systems?
Can you think of any circumstances where deferring conflict might be a wise course of action?
Give an example of a case in which project management could be important in your personal life. Explain why, as well as how and why you might organize such a project.
Explain the reasons for the growth and decay of each source of conflict in Figure, and for the Total as well.

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