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business
management leadership

Questions and Answers of Management Leadership

Under what situations or projects would work planning authorization not be necessary?
On what types of projects could hedge positions be easily identified on a schedule?
Can activities 5 and 6 of Figure be eliminated? What risks does a project manager incur if these activities areeliminated?
Where in the planning cycle should responsibility charts be prepared? Can you identify this point inFigure?
For each one of the decision points in Figure, who makes the decision? Who must input information? What is the role of the functional manager and the functional team member? Where are strategic
Consider a project in which all project planning is performed by a group. After all planning is completed, including the program plan and schedules, a project manager is selected. Is there anything
How do the customer and contractor know if each one completely understands the statement of work, the work breakdown structure, and the program plan?
Should a good project plan formulate methods for anticipating problems?
Some project managers schedule staff meetings as the primary means for planning and control. Do you agree with this philosophy?
Paul Mali (Management by Objectives, New York: John Wiley, 1972, p. 12) defines MBO as a five-step process:● Finding the objective● Setting the objective● Validating the objective●
Many textbooks on management state that you should plan like you work, by doing one thing at a time. Can this same practice be applied at the project level, or must a project manager plan all
You have been asked to develop a work breakdown structure for a project. How should you go about accomplishing this? Should the WBS be time-phased, department-phased, division-phased, or some
You have just been instructed to develop a schedule for introducing a new product into the marketplace. Below are the elements that must appear in your schedule. Arrange these elements into a work
Once a project begins, a good project manager will set up checkpoints. How should this be accomplished? Will the duration of the project matter? Can checkpoints be built into a schedule? If so, how
Detailed schedules (through WBS levels 3, 4, 5, . . .) are prepared by the functional managers. Should these schedules be shown to the customer?
The project start-up phase is complete, and you are now ready to finalize the operational plan. Below are six steps that are often part of the finalization procedure. Place them in the appropriate
Below are seven factors that must be considered before finalizing a schedule. Explain how a base case schedule can change as a result of each of these:● Introduction or acceptance of the product in
Once the functional manager and project manager agree on a project schedule, who is responsible for getting the work performed? Who is accountable for getting the work performed? Why the difference,
Discuss the validity of the following two statements on authority:a. A good project manager will have more authority than his responsibility calls for.b. A good project manager should not hold a
Below are twelve instructions. Which are best described as planning, and which are best described as forecasting?a. Give a complete definition of the work.b. Lay out a proposed schedule.c. Establish
A major utility company has a planning group that prepares budgets (with the help of functional groups) and selects the projects to be completed within a given time period. You are assigned as a
The director of project management calls you into his office and informs you that one of your fellow project managers has had a severe heart attack midway through a project. You will be taking over
Planning is often described as establishing, budgeting, scheduling, and resource allocation. Identify these four elements inFigure.
A company is undertaking a large development project that requires that a massive “blueprint design tree” be developed. What kind of WBS outline would be best to minimize the impact of having two
A company allows each line organization to perform its own procurement activities (through a centralized procurement office) as long as the procurement funds have been allocated during the project
As part of a feasibility study, you are asked to prepare, with the assistance of functional managers, a schedule and cost summary for a project that will occur three years downstream, if the project
Good project managers know what type of trouble can occur at the various stages in the development of a project. The activities in the numbered list below indicate the various stages of a project.
Table 11–8 identifies twenty-six steps in project planning and control. Below is a description of each of the twenty-six steps. Using this information, fill in columns 1 and 2 (column 2 is a group
Consider the work breakdown structure shown in Figure. Can the project be managed from this one sheet of paper assuming that, at the end of each month, the project manager also receives a cost and
During 1992 and 1993, General Motors saved over $2 billion due to the cost-cutting efforts of Mr. Lopez. Rumors spread throughout the auto industry that General Motors was considering a plan to offer
During the recession of 1989–1993, the auto industry began taking extreme cost cutting measures by downsizing its organizations. The downsizing efforts created project management problems for the
When to bring the project manager on board has always been a problem. For each of the following situations, identify the advantages and disadvantages.a. The project manager is brought on board at the
Should a PERT/CPM network become a means of understanding reports and schedules, or should it be vice versa?
Who prepares the PERT diagrams? Who is responsible for their integration?
Should PERT networks follow the work breakdown structure?
How can a PERT network be used to increase functional ability to relate to the total program?
What problems are associated with applying PERT to small programs?
Should PERT network design be dependent on the number of elements in the work breakdown structure?
Can bar charts and PERT diagrams be used to smooth out departmental manpower requirements?
Should key milestones be established at points where trade-offs are most likely to occur?
Would you agree or disagree that the cost of accelerating a project rises exponentially, especially as the project nears completion?
What are the major difficulties with PERT, and how can they be overcome?
Is PERT/cost designed to identify critical schedule slippages and cost overruns early enough that corrective action can be taken?
Draw the network and identify the critical path. Also calculate the earliestâ€“latest starting and finishing times for eachactivity:
Draw the network and identify the critical path. Also calculate the earliest€“latest starting and finishing times for eachactivity:
Consider the following network for a small maintenance project (all times are in days; network proceeds from node 1 to node 7):a. Draw an arrow diagram representing the project.b. What is the
Identify the critical path for the following network for a small MIS project (all times are in days; network proceeds from node 1 to node10):
On May 1, Arnie Watson sent a memo to his boss, the director of project management, stating that the MX project would require thirteen weeks for completion according to the figure shown at the top of
On March 1, the project manager received three status reports indicating resource utilization to date. Shown below are the three reports as well as the PERT diagram.a. As of the end of week 4, how
Can PERT charts have more depth than the WBS?
Estimating activity time is not an easy task, especially if assumptions must be made. State whether each item identified below can be accounted for in the construction of a PERT/CPM network:a.
Scheduling departmental manpower for a project is a very difficult task, even if slack time is available. Many managers would prefer to supply manpower at a constant rate rather than continually
How does a manager decide whether the work breakdown structure should be based on a “tree” diagram or the PERT diagram?
For the network shown in Figure with all times indicating weeks, answer the following questions:a. What is the impact on the end date of the project if activity B slips by two weeks?b. What is the
For the network shown in Figure with all times indicating weeks, answer the following questions:a. What is the impact on the end date of the project if activity F slips by seven weeks?b. What is the
For the network shown in Figure with all times indicating weeks, answer the following questions:a. What is the impact on the end date of the project if activity I slips by three weeks?b. By how many
A project manager discovers that his team has neglected to complete the network diagram for the project. The network diagram is shown in Figure P12â€“27. However, the project manager has some
A project manager discovers that his team has neglected to complete the network diagram for the project. The network diagram is shown in Figure P12â€“28. However, the project manager has some
A project manager discovers that his team has neglected to complete the network diagram for the project. The network diagram is shown in Figure. However, the project manager has some information
1. Before PERT diagrams are prepared, should the person performing the work have a clear definition of the requirements and objectives, both prime and supporting? Is it an absolute necessity?2. Is it
For each type of schedule defined in this chapter answer the following questions:a. Who prepares the schedule?b. Who updates the schedule?c. Who should present the data to the customers?
Should the customers have the right to dictate to the contractor how the schedule should be prepared and presented? What if this request contradicts company policies and procedures?
Should a different set of schedules and charts be maintained for out-of-house as well as in-house reporting? Should separate schedules be made for each level of management? Is there a more effective
How does a project manager price out a job in which the specifications are not prepared until the job is half over?
Beta Corporation is in the process of completing a contract to produce 150 units for a given customer. The contract consisted of R&D, testing and qualification, and full production. The
With reference to Figure, under what conditions could each of the following situations occur:a. Program manager and program office determine labor hours by pricing out the work breakdown structure
Can Figure be used effectively to price out the cost of preparingreports?
Answer the following questions with reference to Figure .a. The base case for a program is priced out at $22 million. The company€™s chief executive officer is required to obtain written
Under what kind of projects would each of the following parameters be selected:a. Salary escalation factor of 0 percent.b. Material termination liability of 0 percent or 100 percent.c. Material
How can upper-level management use the functional cost and hour summary to determine manpower planning for the entire company? How would you expect management to react if the functional cost and hour
Which of the figures presented in this chapter should program management make available to the functional managers? Explain your answer.
The Jennings Construction Company has decided to bid on the construction for each of the two phases of a large project. The bidding requirements are that the costs for each phase be submitted
Two contractors decide to enter into a joint venture on a project. What difficulties can occur if the contractors have decided on who does what work, but changes may take place if problems occur?
The Jones Manufacturing Company is competing for a production contract that requires that work begin in January 2003. The cost package for the proposal must be submitted by July 2002. The business
Many competitive programs contain two phases: research and development, and production. Production profits far exceed R&D profits. The company that wins the R&D contract normally becomes a favorite
During initial pricing activities, one of the functional managers discovers that the work breakdown structure requires costing data at a level that is not normally made, and will undoubtedly incur
Should the project manager give the final manpower loading curves to the functional managers? If so, at what point in time?
Should a project manager be appointed in the bidding stage of a project? If so, what authority should he have, and who is responsible for winning the contract?
Explain how useful each of the following can be during the estimating of project costs:a. Contingency planning and estimatingb. Using historical databasesc. Usefulness of computer estimatingd.
Do cost overruns just happen, or are they caused?
Cemeteries are filled with projects that went out of control. Below are several causes that can easily develop into out-of-control conditions. In which phase of a project should each of these
Below are several factors that can result in project delays and cost overruns. Explain how these problems can be overcome.a. Poorly defined milestonesb. Poor estimating techniquesc. A missing
Under what circumstances would each of the figures in Chapter 13 be applicable for customer reporting? In-house reporting? Reporting to top-level management?
What impact would there be on BCWS, BCWP, ACWP, and cost and schedule variances as a result of the:a. Early start of an activity on a PERT chart?b. Late start of an activity on a PERT chart?
Alpha Company has implemented a plan whereby functional managers will be held totally responsible for all cost overruns against their (the functional managers’) original estimates. Furthermore, all
ABC Corporation has recently given out a nine-month contract to a construction subcontractor. At the end of the first month, it becomes obvious that the subcontractor is not reporting costs according
What would be the result if all project managers decided to withhold a management reserve? What criteria should be used for determining when a management reserve is necessary?
Alpha Company, a project-driven organization, pays its department managers a quarterly bonus that is dependent on two factors: the departmental overhead rate and direct labor dollars. The exact value
Many executives are reluctant to let project managers have complete control of project costs because then the project managers must know the exact salaries of almost all project personnel. Can this
How can a country’s inflation rate influence the contractual payment policy?
Consider a situation in which several tasks may be for one to two years rather than the 200 hours normally used in the work-package level of the WBS.a. How will this affect cost control?b. Can we
By now you should be familiar with the various tools that can be used for planning, controlling, scheduling, and directing project activities. Table 15â€“11 contains a partial list of such tools
Complete the table below and plot the EAC as a function of time. What are yourconclusions?
On June 12, 2002, Delta Corporation was awarded a $160,000 contract for testing a product. The contract consisted of $143,000 for labor and materials, and the remaining $17,000 was profit. The
Acme Corporation has received a contractual order to build a new tooling machine for Alpha Corporation. The project started several months ago. Table 15–14 is the Monthly Cost Summary for June,
Calculate the total price variance for direct labor and the labor rate cost variance from the followingdata:
One of your assistant project managers has given you an earned value report that is only partially complete. Can you fill in the missing information? (All numbers are in thousands ofdollars)
The following problem requires an understanding of the WBS, the cost account elements, and cost control analysis. Assume that all costs are in thousands of dollars. Given the partial WBS shown below,
Companies usually estimate work based upon man-months. If the work must be estimated in man-weeks, the man-month is then converted to man-weeks. The problem is in the determination of how many
In a status report, executives want to know not only where we are today, but also where we will end up. Calculating where we will end up financially is not as easy as it sounds. Selecting the wrong

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