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management leadership

Questions and Answers of Management Leadership

What do you understand by the term hyper-competition? What, according to hyper-competition, are the various arenas of competition?
How are the concepts interdependency and standardization related? What are the implications for global strategy?
How is a global marketing strategy distinct from standardization?
What are the benefits and limitations of global marketing strategies?
How do regional and global strategies differ? What are some advantages and disadvantages of a regional strategy?
Since the early 1980s, the benefits of globalization have been acknowledged by researchers in academia and by business practitioners. However, practitioners have continually indicated the constraints
In today’s highly competitive business environment, it is the disrupters rather than the disrupted that prolong their competitive advantage. Market disruption takes place a lot faster online than
In East Asia, many of online games rely on a business model that is different from the way the video-games industry works in the West. Rather than selling games as shrinkwrapped retail products which
Why do some MNCs prefer to enter certain markets with a liaison office first?
What are the possible drawbacks of 50-50 joint ventures?
Draw up a list of the respective pros and cons of licensing.
What are the respective advantages and disadvantages of greenfield operations over acquisitions?
What mechanisms can firms use to protect themselves against ill-fated partnerships?
NTT DoCoMo, which dominates Japan’s mobile phone market, follows a somewhat unusual international expansion strategy. Its strategy is to take minority stakes rather than full control in a foreign
Companies tend to begin their internationalization process in countries that are culturally very close. For instance, U.S based companies would enter Canada and/or the United Kingdom first, before
Exhibit 9-12 shows the timeline of Starbucks’ global expansion. Discuss Starbuck’s entry decisions. Do you see any patterns in its expansion strategy? Did the company over-expand in recent years
Ben Verwaayen, former chief executive of British Telecom (BT), was named as the new CEO of Alcatel-Lucent, the US/French telecommunications equipment group in September 2008. The merger that was
Under what conditions is a dual extension strategy advisable? When is product invention more appropriate?
Explain the difference between the modular and coreproduct approaches.
Discuss the forces that favor a globalized product design strategy.
What could be the hidden costs of when adapting a product to be launched in a foreign market?
In what sense is the ‘‘standardize-versus-customize’’ question in global product design a bogus issue?
MNCs tend to move more and more towards a sprinkler strategy in terms of their global launch timing decisions. What forces lie behind this trend?
What are the major dangers in using an entire country as a ‘‘test market’’ for new products that are to be launched globally (or regionally)?
Seagram Co. is well known for its high-end alcohol brands such as Martell and Chivas Regal. In May 2001, Seagram introduced a locally made whiskey, branded “30% High’’ in China. The brand name
At a press conference in March 2008, Martin Wiederkorn, Volkswagen’s chief executive, stated that: “In the coming years, we will make the VW group the world’s most international carmaker. The
In the late 1990s McDonald’s headquarters in Chicago decided to launch a ‘‘diversification’’ strategy to foster new ideas and concepts worldwide. One of the initiatives came from
The Tata Nano car has been labeled the Model T for the 21st century. Selling for $2,500 it claims to be the world’s cheapest car and could democratize car ownership in Indian and other emerging
What particular challenges do you see for companies introducing product categories that are truly new—recent examples include frozen yogurt (TCBY) and breakfast cereals (Kellogg’s) in China; iced
Why is the market share of private labels much higher in Europe than in Asia?
Explain why the strength of a global brand may vary enormously from country to country.
What factors should MNCs consider when implementing a brand-name facelift in their foreign markets?
What strategies can MNCs adopt to cope with product piracy?
How does the marketing of global services differ from marketing tangible goods worldwide?
Altoids, the ‘‘curiously strong’’ peppermint, has evoked its British heritage since its introduction in the United States in 1918. The mint’s original recipe dates back to the reign of King
Dr. Hans-Willi Schroiff, vice-president of market research at Henkel, a German company, made the following observation about P&G’s multinational marketing strategy: ‘‘A strict globalization
In September 1999, Unilever announced that it would trim over one thousand brands. The company wants to focus on 400 of its current 1,600 brands, with a core group of so-called power brands that are
Software piracy in China is a huge problem for Microsoft. In 2008 Microsoft went on the offensive by sending a software update that could turn the desktop wallpaper black when a pirated Windows XP
Most of the luxury watches have a Swiss-made label. Discuss strategies that a ‘‘Made in India’’ watch, aiming to target the premium segment in the Western world, might want to consider.
Nestle, the Swiss food conglomerate, has created a Nestle Seal of Guarantee that it puts on the back of some of its products (e.g., Maggi sauces). The Seal of Guarantee is not used for many of its
The Rover Mini is a squat, boxy car that was designed in the late 1950s when the Suez Canal crisis prompted gas rationing in Europe (if you are not familiar with the car, check out its website:
What mechanisms can exporters use to curtail the risks of price escalation in foreign markets?
How does competition in the foreign market affect your global pricing decisions?
A study quoted in Chapter 13 reports that there was much more pass-through by German carmakers than their Japanese counterparts in the U.S. car market when both currencies depreciated against the
Should MNCs always try to minimize their transfer in high corporate tax countries? Why (or why not)?
What measures might exporters consider to hedge themselves against anti-dumping accusations?
Explain why counter trade is often viewed as a necessary evil.
Many multinational companies that consider entering emerging markets face the issue that the regular price they charge for their goods (that is, the retail price in developed markets) is far beyond
Countertrade accounts for a substantial proportion of international trade. Do you foresee that the share of countertrade will increase or decline? Why?
How will a weakening of the euro versus the Japanese yen affect German carmakers such as BMW and Volkswagen in Japan? What measures do you suggest German carmakers might consider taking to cope with
A major bone of contention in recent years has been the prices charged for AIDS drugs in the developing world by Western pharmaceutical giants such as Merck and Glaxo-SmithKline. Several makers of
How can local competitors use anti-dumping procedures as a competitive tool against foreign competitors?
In Russia, Procter & Gamble markets Tide, its U.S. premium laundry detergent brand, as an economy brand with the slogan “Tide is a guarantee of clean clothes.” Except for the brand name and the
Most luxury products appeal to global segments. Does that mean that global advertising campaigns are most appropriate for such kind of products?
Discuss the major challenges faced by international advertisers.
Spell out the steps that international advertisers should consider in order to cope with advertising regulations in their foreign markets.
What factors entice international advertisers to localize their advertising campaigns in foreign markets?
What are the major reasons for standardizing an international advertising program?
What will be the impact of satellite TV on international advertising?
What do you see as the major drawbacks of the internet as a communication tool from the perspective of an international advertiser.
What mechanisms should MNCs contemplate to coordinate their advertising efforts across different countries?
Poland recently imposed a ban on alcoholic drinks advertising. How do you think brewers like United Distillers and Seagram should adjust their marketing mix strategy to cope with this ban?
One of the hottest topics in advertising is whether it is ethical to advertise to children. On side of the debate are the moralists who claim that children up to the age of ten cannot distinguish
The allocation of promotional dollars between “pull” (consumer promotions + media advertising) and “push” varies drastically for many advertisers across countries. What are the factors behind
In emerging markets such as India, consumers shop far more frequently than in most Western countries—often on a daily basis. As a result, consumers there have many more chances to switch brands.
Discuss the major challenges faced by international advertisers.
Spell out the steps that international advertisers should consider in order to cope with advertising regulations in their foreign markets. Discuss.
What factors entice international advertisers to localize their advertising campaigns in foreign markets? Discuss.
What are the major reasons for standardizing an international advertising program? Discuss.
What will be the impact of satellite TV on international advertising?
What do you see as the major drawbacks of the internet as a communication tool from the perspective of an international advertiser.
What mechanisms should MNCs contemplate to coordinate their advertising efforts across different countries? Discuss.
Poland recently imposed a ban on alcoholic drinks advertising. How do you think brewers like United Distillers and Seagram should adjust their marketing mix strategy to cope with this ban? Discuss.
One of the hottest topics in advertising is whether it is ethical to advertise to children. On side of the debate are the moralists who claim that children up to the age of ten cannot distinguish
The allocation of promotional dollars between ‘‘pull’’ (consumer promotions + media advertising) and ‘‘push’’ varies drastically for many advertisers across countries. What are the
In emerging markets such as India, consumers shop far more frequently than in most Western countries—often on a daily basis. As a result, consumers there have many more chances to switch brands.
In what ways does international sales management differ from domestic sales management?
Discuss why mode of entry and sales management are closely related.
For what type of business does a company employ a traveling global sales force?
How could a foreign government affect a company’s sales force management?
Why it is generally considered difficult to adopt a U.S.-style commission-based sales force management in such countries as Japan and Mexico?
Discuss why expatriate managers are important to a parent company despite the enormous cost of sending them overseas.
Suppose you are developing a cultural training program for employees to be sent to overseas posts. What courses would you include in your two-week program? Why?
One feature in international selling that is becoming more common is the idea of piggybacking; i.e., tying up with existing sales channels to distribute and sell your products. Examples include
Many U.S. companies such as Home Depot, Intel, Kodak, Nike, and Whirlpool have set up sales offices in China. One thing sales managers must be aware of is that the differences in sales styles between
Many firms in the past have followed an incremental approach to the sales channels used in international markets. Typically, these companies started by selling in foreign markets through sales agents
Today many companies talk about localization, but find it difficult to do. Sometimes expatriate managers are unable or unwilling to train their successors. This can be a particular problem for
Define the term global logistics. Enumerate and describe the various operations encompassed by it.
What factors contribute to the increased complexity and cost of global logistics as compared to domestic logistics?
What role do third-party logistics companies play in international trade? What are the advantages of using these companies over internalizing the logistics activities?
Describe the role of free trade zones (FTZs) in global logistics.
What are the reasons for the dramatic increase in cross border trade between the United States and Mexico?
How is information technology affecting global retailing?
The United States and Japan have similar income and purchasing-power levels, yet, the retail structures between the two countries have significant differences. Describe some reasons for these
Beginning in 2000 with the announcement by the Big Three automakers of plans for a single online supplier exchange Newco, major manufacturers in at least a half-dozen industries have followed suit.
We learned from the text that with the expansion of the European Union in May 2004, traditional distribution hubs in western and central Europe faced tougher competition. For instance, despite
The concept of ‘‘one-stop-shopping’’ for global logistics is fast catching on. There are now more than thirty large logistic companies, called ‘‘mega-carriers,’’ who can provide truly
As presented in Global Perspective 15-4, in order to avoid supply chain disruptions, some people suggest that supply chains should be regulated, a bit like public utilities, because countries have
How does a prospective exporter choose an export market?
What are the factors that influence the decision of the exporter to use a standardized product strategy across countries and regions?

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