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physics
thermodynamics

Questions and Answers of Thermodynamics

A steel hole punch is shown in Figure P9-25a. Investigate the proper material for a hole punch. Tell me what material you used and why? Model the punch without the side groove (Figure P9-25b) and
A simplified model of a flywheel as shown in Figure P9-27 is considered as a uniform thin disk with center hole for mounting on a shaft. Assume the flywheel with inner radius of hole of 1 inch and
For an element of an axisymmetric body rotating with a constant angular velocity ω = 20 rpm as shown in Figure P9-3, evaluate the body-force matrix. The coordinates of the element are shown in the
For the axisymmetric elements shown in Figure P9-4, determine the element stresses. Let E = 15 Ã— 106 psi and v = 0.25. The coordinates (in inches) are shown in the figures, and the nodal
Explicitly show that the integration of Eq. (9.1.35) yields the j surface forces given by Eq. (9.1.36)?
For the elements shown in Figure P9-6, evaluate the stiffness matrices using Eq. (9.2.2). The coordinates (in millimeters) are shown in the figures. Let E = 105 GPa and v = 0.25 for each
For the axisymmetric elements shown in Figure P9-7, determine the element stresses. Let E = 105 GPa and v = 0.25. The coordinates (in millimeters) are shown in the figures, and the nodal
Can we connect plane stress elements with axisymmetric ones? Explain.
Is the three-noded triangular element considered in Section 9.1 a constant strain element? Why or why not?
For the three-noded linear strain bar with three coordinates of nodes x1, x2, and x3, shown in Figure P10-1 in the global-coordinate system show that the Jacobian determinate is | [J] | 5L / 2Figure
Show that for the quadrilateral element described in Section 10.2, [J] can be expressed as
Determine the Jacobian matrix [J] and its determinant for the elements shown in Figure P10-11. Show that the determinant of [J] for rectangular and parallelogram shaped elements is equal to A / 4,
Derive Eq. (10.2.18) with [Bi] given by Eq. (10.2.19) by substituting Eq. (10.2.16) for [D'] and Eqs. (10.2.5) for the shape functions into Eq. (10.2.17).
Use Eq. (10.2.30) with ps = 0 and pt = p (a constant) alongside 3-4 of the element shown in Figure 10-5 on page 500 to obtain the nodal forces?Figure P10-5(a)(b)
For the element shown in Figure P10-14, replace the distributed load with the energy equivalent nodal forces by evaluating a force matrix similar to Eq. (10.2.29). Let h 5 0.1 in thick. The global
Use Gaussian quadature with two and three Gauss points and Table 10-2 to evaluate the following integrals:(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)(g)Then use the Newton-Cotes quadrature with two and three sampling points
For the quadrilateral elements shown in Figure P10-16, write a computer program to evaluate the stiffness matrices using four-point Gaussian quadrature as outlined in Section 10.4. Let E = 30 Ã—
Evaluate the matrix [B] for the quadratic quadrilateral element shown in Figure 10-18 on page 523 (Section 10.5).Figure 10-18 Quadratic (Q8) isoparametric element
For the two-noded one-dimensional isoparametric element shown in Figure P10-2 (a) and (b), with shape functions given by Eq. (10.1.5), determine(a) Intrinsic coordinate s at point A and(b) Shape
For the three-noded bar (Figure P10-1), what Gaussian quadrature rule (how many Gauss points) would you recommend to evaluate the stiffness matrix? Why?Figure 10-10 Gaussian quadrature using two
Compare the Q4 and Q6 elements. What property makes the Q6 element better in modeling beam bending? What is the weakness of the Q6 element that is not inherent in the Q4 element?
Compare the Q4 and Q8 elements. What makes the Q8 a better element to model beam bending?
Answer the same questions as posed in problem 10.2 with the data listed under the Figure P10-3.Data from Problem 10.2For the two-noded one-dimensional isoparametric element shown in Figure P10–2
For the four-noded bar element in Figure P10-4, show that the Jacobian determinate is |[J]| = L / 2. Also determine the shape functions N1 - N4 and the strain/displacement matrix [B]. Assume u = α1
Using the three-noded bar element shown in Figure P10-5 (a) and (b), with shape functions given by Eq. (10.5.9), determine(a) The intrinsic coordinate s at point A and(b) The shape functions, N1, N2,
Using the three-noded bar element shown in Figure P10-5 (a) and (b), with shape functions given by Eq. (10.5.9), determine(a) The intrinsic coordinate s at point A and(b) The shape functions, N1, N2,
Use the three-noded bar element and find the axial displacement at the end of the rod shown in Figure P10-8. Determine the stress at x = 0, x = L / 2 and x = L. Let A = 2 × 10-4 m2, E = 205 GPa, and
Derive |[J]| given by Eq. (10.2.22) for a four-noded isoparametric quadrilateral element?
Evaluate the matrix [B] for the tetrahedral solid element shown in Figure P11-1.Figure P11-1(a)(b)
Figure P11-10 shows how solid and plane elements may be connected. What restriction must be placed on the externally applied loads for this connection to be acceptable?Figure P11-10,
Express the explicit shape functions N2 through N8, similar to N1 given by Eq. (11.3.4), for the linear hexahedral element shown in Figure 11-5 on page 548.Figure P11-5Figure 11-5 Linear hexahedral
Express the explicit shape functions for the corner nodes of the quadratic hexahedral element shown in Figure 11-6 on page 551.Figure P11-6,(a)(b)
Determine the deflections at the four corners of the free end of the structural steel cantilever beam shown in Figure P11-14. Also determine the maximum principal stress. Compare your answer for
A portion of a structural steel brake pedal in a vehicle is modeled as shown in Figure P11-15. Determine the maximum deflection at the pedal under a uniform pressure acting over the pedal totaling
For the crane hook shown in Figure P11-16, determine the largest displacement and the maximum von Mises stress and where this value is located on the hook. Use AISI 4130 steel with yield strength of
An S-shaped block used in force measurement as shown in Figure P11-17 is to be designed for a pressure of 1000 psi applied uniformly to the top surface. Determine the uniform thickness of the block
A device is to be hydraulically loaded to resist an upward pressure P = 600 psi as shown in Figure P11-18. Determine the thickness of the device such that the maximum deflection is 0.1 in. vertically
An "Allen" wrench is used to loosen a bolt that has a hex-head cross section. As shown in Figure P11-19. This wrench is a 5 mm size and is made of quenched and tempered carbon steel with modulus of
Evaluate the stiffness matrix for the elements shown in Figure P11-1. Let E = 10 × 106 psi and v = 0.3.Figure P11-1,(a)(b)
A blacksmith desires to forge a work piece using the anvil shown in Figure P11-20. The anvil is bolted to a workbench with 4-1/2 in. diameter bolts. The anvil is made of gray cast iron with E = 15 ×
A fork from a forklift is constrained by two bars (not shown) that fit into each L-shaped appendage on the vertical part of the fork as shown in Figure P11-21. The fork is made of AISI 4130 steel
A radio-control car front steering unit is shown in Figure P11-22. The arm is made of molded ABS plastic with a modulus of elasticity of 362,000 psi and a tensile strength of 6000 psi. The base of
The hitch shown in Figure P11-23 is used on an International 496 disk. The hitch is made of cold drawn 1018 steel with E = 29 Ã— 106 psi and v = 0.30. The yield strength of the material
A swivel C bracket shown in Figure P11-24 is mounted to a ceiling of a building and has a speaker (not shown) of 30 lbf hanging from each mounting hole. The mounting bracket is made of A 36 steel
The lower arms of a front-end loader are shown in Figure P11-25. The loader material is AISI 1010 cold drawn steel with a modulus of elasticity of 29.7 Ã— 106 psi and Poisson's ratio of
A bicycle stem is shown in Figure P11-26. The stem attaches the handlebars to the steerer tube of the fork. The stem is made of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy with yield strength of 504 MPa. The load of 1200
A solid part shown in Figure P11-28 is made to locate parts into proper position. The material is AISI 1005 steel with E = 200 GPa and v = 0.29. The front faces are fixed, and a pressure P of 100 MPa
For the elements shown in Figure P11-1, assume the nodal displacements have been determined to beDetermine the strains and then the stresses in the elements. Let E = 10 Ã— 106 psi and v =
What is special about the strains and stresses in the tetrahedral element?
Show that for constant body force Zb acting on an element (Xb = 0 and Yb = 0),Where {fbi} represents the body forces at node i of the element with volume V?
Evaluate the [B] matrix for the tetrahedral solid element shown in Figure P11-6. The coordinates are in units of millimeters?Figure P11-6,(a)(b)
Evaluate the stiffness matrix for the elements shown in Figure P11-6. Let E = 100 GPa and v = 0.3?Figure P11-6,(a)(b)
For the elements shown in Figure P11-6, assume the nodal displacements have been determined to beDetermine the strains and then the stresses in the elements. Let E = 100 GPa and v = 0.3?Figure
For the linear strain tetrahedral element shown in Figure P11-9, (a) express the displacement fields u, v, and w in the x, y and z directions, respectively. There are 10 nodes each with three
A square steel plate (Figure P12-1) of dimensions 20 in. 3 20 in. with thickness of 0.1 in. is clamped all around. The plate is subjected to a uniformly distributed loading of 1 lb/in2. Using a 2
A square steel plate 2 m Ã— 2 m and 10 mm thick at the bottom of a tank must support salt water at a height of 3 m, as shown in Figure P12-11. Assume the plate to be built in (fixed all
A stockroom floor carries a uniform load of p = 80 lb / ft2 over half the floor as shown in Figure P12-12. The floor has opposite edges clamped and remaining edges and midspan simply supported. The
A computer case shown in Figure P12-13 is made of AISI 4130 steel. The top surface is subjected to a uniform pressure load of 0.1 psi. The thickness of the case is uniformly 0.125 in. The bottom
A manure spreader tank is shown in Figure P12-15. The tank is 90 in. long. The bottom axle is 12 in. long measured along the tank axis direction and located in the middle. The single front end
A tractor bucket with dimensions is shown in Figure P12-16. The load on the bucket is 600 lb spread uniformly over the inside surface. Three split surfaces are fully constrained. The bucket material
An L-shaped plate (Figure P12-2) with thickness 0.1 in. is made of ASTM A-36 steel. Determine the deflection under the load and the maximum principal stress and its location using the plate element.
A square (Figure P12-3) simply supported 20 in. Ã— 20 in. steel plate with thickness 0.15 in. has a round hole of 4 in. diameter drilled through its center. The plate is uniformly loaded
A C-channel section (Figure P12-4) structural steel beam of 2-in. wide flanges, 3 in. depth and thickness of both flanges and web of 0.25 in. is loaded as shown with 100 lb acting in the y direction
For the simply supported structural steel W 14 3 61 wide flange beam shown in Figure P12-5, compare the plate element model results with the classical beam bending results for deflection and bending
For the structural steel plate structure shown in Figure P12-6, determine the maximum principal stress and its location. If the stresses are unacceptably high, recommend any design changes. The
Design a steel box structure (Figure P12-7) 4 ft wide Ã— 8 ft long made of plates to be used to protect construction workers while working in a trench. That is, determine a recommended thickness
Determine the maximum deflection and maximum principal stress of the circular plate shown in Figure P12-8. The plate is subjected to a uniform pressure p = 50 kPa and fixed along its outer edge. Let
Determine the maximum deflection and maximum principal stress for the plate shown in Figure P12-9. The plate is fixed along all three sides. A uniform pressure of 100 MPa is applied to the surface.
For the one-dimensional composite bar shown in Figure P13-1, determine the interface temperatures. For element 1, let Kxx = 200 W/(m ( oC); for element 2, let Kxx = 100 W/(m ( oC); and for element 3,
For the composite wall of a house, shown in Figure P13-10, determine the temperatures at the inner and outer surfaces and at the interfaces. The wall is composed of 2.5 cm thick plaster wall (k =
Condensing steam is used to maintain a room at 20 oC. The steam flows through pipes that keep the pipe surface at 100 oC. To increase heat transfer from the pipes, stainless steel fins (k = 15
A tapered aluminum fin (k = 200 W/m-oC), shown in Figure P13-12, has a circular cross section with base diameter of 1 cm and tip diameter of 0.5 cm. The base is maintained at 200 oC and looses heat
A wall is constructed of an outer layer of 0.5 inch thick plywood (k = 0.80 Btu/h-ft-oF), an inner core of 5 inch thick fiberglass insulation (k = 0.020 Btu/h-ft-oF), and an inner layer of 0.5 inch
The base plate of an iron is 0.6 cm thick. The plate is subjected to 100 W of power (provided by resistance heaters inside the iron, as shown in Figure P13-15), over a base plate cross-sectional area
A hot surface is cooled by attaching fins (called pin fins) to it, as shown in Figure P13-16. The surface of the plate (left end of the pin) is 90 oC. The fins are 6 cm long and have a
Use the direct method to derive the element equations for the one-dimensional steady-state conduction heat-transfer problem shown in Figure P13-17. The bar is insulated all around and has
Express the stiffness matrix and the force matrix for convection from the left end of a bar, as shown in Figure P13-18. Let the cross-sectional area of the bar be A, the convection coefficient be h,
For the element shown in Figure P13-19, determine the [k] and {f} matrices. The conductivities are Kxx = Kyy 510 Btu / (h-ft-oF) and the convection coefficient is h = 20 Btu/(h-ft2 -oF). Convection
For the one-dimensional rod shown in Figure P13-2 (insulated except at the ends), determine the temperatures at L/3, 2L/3, and L. Let Kxx = 6 Btu / (h.-in.-oF), h = 1.0 Btu / (h-in2 -oF), and T( = 0
Calculate the [k] and {f} matrices for the element shown in Figure P13-20. The conductivities are Kxx = Kyy = 10 W/(m ( oC) and the convection coefficient is h = 20 W/(m2 ( oC). Convection occurs
For the square two-dimensional body shown in Figure P13-21, determine the temperature distribution. Let Kxx = Kyy = 25 Btu / (h-ft-oF) and h = 10 Btu / (h-ft2 -oF). Convection occurs across side 4-5.
For the square plate shown in Figure P13-22, determine the temperature distribution. Let Kxx = Kyy = 10 W/(m ( oC) and h = 20 W/(m2 ( oC). The temperature along the left side is maintained at 100 oC
For the body shown in Figure P13-23, determine the temperature distribution. Surface temperatures are shown in the figure. The body is insulated along the top and bottom edges, and Kxx = Kyy = 1.0
For the square two-dimensional body shown in Figure P13-24, determine the temperature distribution. Let Kxx = Kyy 510 Btu / (h-ft-oF). The top surface is maintained at 400 oF and the other three
For the square two-dimensional body shown in Figure P13-25, determine the temperature distribution. Let Kxx = Kyy = 10 Btu/(h-ft-oF) and h 510 Btu/(h-ft2 -oF). The top face is maintained at 400 oF,
Hot water pipes are located on 2.0-ft centers in a concrete slab with Kxx = Kyy = 0.80 Btu / (h-ft-oF), as shown in Figure P13-26. If the outside surfaces of the concrete are at 75oF and the water
The cross section of a tall chimney shown in Figure 13-27 has an inside surface temperature of 330 oF and an exterior temperature of 50 oF. The thermal conductivity is K = 0.5 Btu / (h-ft-oF).
The square duct shown in Figure P13-28 carries hot gases such that its surface temperature is 570 oF. The duct is insulated by a layer of circular fiberglass that has a thermal conductivity of K =
The buried pipeline in Figure P13-29 transports oil with an average temperature of 60 oF. The pipe is located 15 ft below the surface of the earth. The thermal conductivity of the earth is 0.6 Btu /
A rod with uniform cross-sectional area of 2 in2 and thermal conductivity of 3 Btu/(h-in.-oF) has heat flow in the x direction only (Figure P13-3). The right end is insulated. The left end is
A 10-in.-thick concrete bridge deck is embedded with heating cables, as shown in Figure P13-30. If the lower surface is at 0 oF, the rate of heat generation (assumed to be the same in each cable) is
For the circular body with holes shown in Figure P13-31, determine the temperature distribution. The inside surfaces of the holes have temperatures of 200 oC. The outside of the circular body has a
For the square two-dimensional body shown in Figure P13-32, determine the temperature distribution. Let Kxx = Kyy = 5 W / (m ( oC) and h = 10 W / (m2 ( oC). The top face is maintained at 100 oC, the
For the two-dimensional body shown in Figure P13-34, determine the temperature distribution. Let the left and right ends have constant temperatures of 200 oC and 0 oC, respectively. Let Kxx = Kyy = 5
For the two-dimensional body shown in Figure P13-35, determine the temperature distribution. The top and bottom sides are insulated. The left side has a constant temperature of 100 8C. The right side
For the two-dimensional body shown in Figure P13-36, determine the temperature distribution. The left and right sides are insulated. The top surface is subjected to heat transfer by convection. The
Determine the temperature distribution and rate of heat flow through the plain carbon steel ingot shown in Figure P13-37. Let k = 60 W/m-K) for the steel. The top surface is held at 60 oC, while the
Determine the temperature distribution and rate of heat flow per foot length from a 5 cm outer diameter pipe at 180 oC placed eccentrically within a larger cylinder of insulation (k = 0.058 W/m-oC)
Determine the temperature distribution and rate of heat flow in the molded foam insulation (k = 0.17 Btu/h-ft-oF) shown in Figure P13-39.Figure P13-39,
The rod of 1-in. radius shown in Figure P13-4 generates heat internally at the rate of uniform Q = 5000 Btu/(h-ft3 ) throughout the rod. The left edge and perimeter of the rod are insulated, and the

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