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organizational behavior
Questions and Answers of
Organizational Behavior
Our culture and socialization dictates that ‘boys don’t cry’, but that it is acceptable for girls to weep. Research has found that, before the age of 12, boys and girls cry as frequently as
Some management theorists have argued that corporations have souls (Frank, 2001), using the term to signify corporations that promote belief through culture, values, and the actions of leaders. They
Ogbonna and Harris (2014) take the case of an English premier league football club to illustrate how, despite an attempt by executives to transform the culture, the planned actions were impeded by
Goffman (1961) gives us a detailed account of life in asylums. What insight can we gain from this work to help us to understand the working and culture of organizations such as universities?
In an interview with a manager in a declining industry, the manager talked of his fear that so many individuals would be made redundant that the organization would become ‘anorexic’—that is,
Hopfl (1995) draws an analogy between acting and customer service. Read her paper and critically assess the similarities.
Timpsons is a UK family owned and run company offering a retail service, including shoe repairs and key cutting. Here is how they describe themselves: ‘Our colleagues are the heart and soul of our
What evidence is there to suggest that the culture within police forces is discriminatory? (See Fielding, 1994; Brown, 1998; Sharpe, 1998; you may also want to look at newspaper and BBC sources.)
There is an abundance of contradictions to be found in the culture of organizations. How does Aktouf (1996) describe the contradictions that he found, and what examples have you seen in your own
To establish how autonomous a team is, we might consider the following questions.1. Who selects the team leader?2. Who decides on new members of the team?3. Who decides on the distribution of work
Anawati and Craig (2006) researched an organization that had offices around the world, referred to as Global IT Solutions. Telephone conferencing and emails were the main forms of communication used
Katzenbach and Smith (1993) talk about the wisdom of teams. How wise are they? What needs and whose needs do they serve?
Professional football players perform their work in teams. Even though they work together in matches, they are rivals in the internal competition for limited places in the team of 11 players that a
Teamworking helps to obscure domination’ (Sennett, 1998). Discuss.
Why would there be resistance to the introduction of teamworking? Whose interests does teamworking serve?
How much research evidence is there to support a very positive view? Should we be wary of the ‘tyranny’ of teams (Sinclair, 1992; Barker, 1993)? How much support is there for this rather negative
When you read about Weber’s terms ‘the slave’, ‘the vassal’, and ‘the official’, what gender did you envisage them being? Bologh (1990: xiv) argues that Weber is describing a world of
Churches, like other organizations, make choices about how they organize and structure themselves.The Church of Scotland has a relatively flat organizational structure and no hierarchy. It is one of
Why should management, thinking about rationalization, be seen as a kaleidoscope and not in a linear fashion?
Zygmunt Bauman (1989) showed the importance of bureaucratic organization to the death camps in Nazi Germany. According to Bauman, the genocide was an extreme application of bureaucratic logic, with a
George Ritzer argues that McDonaldization constrains or eliminates people’s creativity. Discuss.
Can organizations—and, in particular, bureaucracy—be free of all unwanted emotion? Can you, for example, imagine a political party free of all public embarrassment?
Filby (1992) described the everyday life in a betting shop. The management tried to use, and partly succeeded in using, women’s bodies and personalities to promote the product—but the female
Do you agree with the view that men better meet the requirements of the bureaucratic organization?How might you argue against this view?
The following is an example of the original McDonald’s procedure for cooking hamburgers:‘Those grilling the burgers were instructed to put hamburgers down on the grill moving from left to right,
The research findings that show how workers behave in these routinized jobs leave us with a question: does increasing routinization really lead to greater efficiency, or are workers undermining the
Burger King has had a slogan, ‘Have it your way’, that implies that the customer’s wish is its command.But what do you think would happen if you were to ask for your burger to be medium rare?
Graduation day can resemble an experience similar to that of a drive-through McDonald’s: the individual has only a moment of personal attention at the ceremony, and finds that he or she is only one
It might be argued that this chapter and Chapter 4 are misleading. Currently, this book leads you to understand that there has been a linear development of management thinking from early theorists,
CoCre8 is a provider of business improvement and innovative services and solutions including communication and motivation, performance, incentive programmes and events management. Previously an
What examples can be generated from group reflections on experiences in the workplace, or from stories you’ve heard told by friends and relatives of what managers do? Use these personal experiences
Who are the people managers rely on most in performing their core functions? Why?
What are the ideas discussed in this Introduction with which you are familiar either from prior study, from practice or from publications in the general media?
What would you list as the key components of HRM? What assumptions are necessary to implement policies to address each of the ones you identify?
What would you do to help a manager taking on a new work team in preparing to do this?
What preparations could Smith have made to ensure a more successful outcome?
What questions does the case study raise about managing across diverse cultures?
What advice would you offer a new manager taking up a similar international role?
How do you think John’s request for a job for his wife was perceived by the US manager?
Why do you think the manager reacted as she did?
How do you think John interpreted the manager’s reaction? Why is John feeling confused and betrayed?
Even if there were no available positions, what could the manager have done differently?
What are some of the consequences for the organization of the manager’s lack of cultural understanding?
Are there any differences in the motivation between the employees from developed and developing countries? How and why? Justify your answer in terms of motivation theories and the cross-national
Do you think that employees in countries with low social security, such as Pakistan or Afghanistan, may still be motivated intrinsically?
What HRM strategies should MNCs take to motivate employees for the subsidiaries in countries with low social security?
How effective are PM practices in improving individual, team and organizational performance in your organization (or one with which you are familiar)?
James was a team leader of a small group dealing with motor vehicle insurance in a company providing commercial insurance and financial advice. He had been with the company for six years, and three
Think about how your organization (or one with which you are familiar) manages the performance of employees. Would you describe these practices as commitment- or control-oriented?
Do you agree that managing performance is ‘managing the business’?
Do you think that 360-degree appraisals are a ‘fairer’ way of reviewing individual performance than through manager feedback alone?
On balance, how would you now define ‘effective’ leadership?
The UK’s NHS has been subject to considerable government-driven change in recent years. Many of these changes have involved policy initiatives to ‘modernize’ the NHS and subject it to market
How much do the leadership theories discussed above reflect predominantly Western views?
EasyJet is a successful budget airline. Its main shareholder is its founder, Sir Stelios Haji-Ioannou (Stelios). The European budget airline sector is highly competitive where the market leader,
What is the HR function’s responsibility with respect to leadership?
In many organizations, trust is often a casualty of change. What can individual leaders do to avoid losing trust during challenging times, or to regain it?
Angola is one of Africa’s largest producers of crude oil, along with Nigeria and thus attracts foreign MNCs to its shores. Angolan government’s policies and practices have historically had a
Using Schein and Hatch’s concepts outlined in the chapter, describe the complex nature of organizational culture.
By any standards the demise of Eastman Kodak from its once mighty position to the day where it filed for bankruptcy constitutes a huge fall from grace. There have been many explanations proposed for
Contrast the view of culture as something an organization has, with that of something an organization is.
What are the problems associated with establishing a link between culture and performance?
Explain how interpretation of successful actions become ‘reference criteria for action’ (Gagliardi).
What are the differences between the ‘unitary’ and ‘divisions’ perspective of culture?
With regard to organizational culture, what are some of the problems associated with attempting to impose change programmes?
It is widely evident that the period since the mid-1980s has been marked by changes in the world economy that have led to profound developments in the international operations, strategies and
To what extent might a synthesis of creativity, innovation, organizational learning and the management of knowledge, such as that presented in this chapter, overcome competing perspectives? For
What are your views on the so-called knowledge society? What is the evidence in the country where you live?
Scientific management (Taylor) limited the knowledge of workers. Similarly, Fordism was literally concerned with hired hands. This raises important issues around knowledge as power and influence and
Does the use of IT as a knowledge management system always indicate an objectivist perspective? Is tacit knowledge necessary to make sense of these systems?
The critical and dialogical discourses raise the idea that knowledge management initiatives may not always be in the best interests of all. To what extent do knowledge management initiatives create
Have quality and flexibility requirements in modern organizations rendered Fordism redundant?
Why might Max Weber and Henri Fayol be surprised by developments in contemporary organizational design arrangements?
This chapter reported Warner and Witzel’s (2004) view that every organization possessed a mixture of virtual and tangible elements. They identified six dimensions along which organizations can
Think of an example of a change to the structure of an organization with which you are familiar. How has this changed the way that you and others do your work?
Suggest how changes in organization structuring over the last fifty years have affected what workers and managers do, and how they do it.
Back in 1997, arch-rivals Microsoft and Apple entered into a five-year strategic alliance to develop Mackintosh-compatible versions of Microsoft® Office 98, Internet Explorer 4, and Java
In the literature, inter-organizational collaboration is presented as the way forward. Consider the potential negative consequences of this arrangement for the companies involved and their employees
Are user contribution systems a good way of providing the public with the opportunity to participate and share their expertise with companies whose products and services they use? Or have companies
Why are network and virtual structures preferred by managers seeking to encourage entrepreneurship and innovation?
How accurate have Victor and Stephens’ predictions been? What evidence from your reading, or your experience of work organizations, can you provide that either confirms or contradicts their nine
What are the basic rules of change implementation? Although these appear to be simple, the failure rate of organizational changes is high. Why is it so difficult to put these basic rules into
Choose an organization that has experienced major change. Arrange to interview two managers who were involved in implementing this change. Using John Kotter’s guide to corporate transformation,
Force-field analysis is a method for assessing the issues supporting and blocking movement towards a given set of desirable outcomes, called the ‘target situation’. The forces can be scored, say
Due to a combination of space constraints and financial issues, your department or school has been told by senior management to relocate to another building seven kilometres from your existing site
What are the main sources of resistance to organizational change, and how should resistance be managed?
If you want a high-flying, fast track career, you are unlikely to get far if you focus your energies on shallow changes. Shallow changes do not contribute much to organizational performance, and will
Organizations are advised to change rapidly in order to compete to survive. What dangers come with this advice?
Faced with resistance to a desirable change, would you ever recommend manipulation and threat, or would you regard these methods as unprofessional or unethical in all circumstances?
What are the main types of innovation, and how can an organization develop a climate that encourages individuals to be more creative?
Dictatorial transformation? Coercion? Surely these methods are more likely to generate hostility and resistance, reducing organization performance? In what circumstances – if any – do you think
Do current economic conditions encourage or discourage the use of OD, and why?
Identify three to five sustaining innovations that have affected you over the past year. Identify three to five disruptive innovations that have affected you. Did you welcome these innovations
Think of an organization with which you are familiar, perhaps one where you are currently employed, or one where you have worked recently. Assess that organization’s climate on Ekvall’s ten
Are leadership and management different roles, or do they overlap? Look at this list of activities. Are these leadership activities, or management activities, or could they fall into both categories?
What is the difference between leadership and management, and why is it difficult to separate these concepts in practice?
Choose one of the massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs). Examples include World of Warcraft, Eve Online, EverQuest, Lineage, and Star Wars Galaxies. What leadership skills are
Consider those who you would call leaders, in business, politics, sport, music, the arts.What characteristics, skills, abilities, and personality traits do they have in common?Which of those leaders
Why is trait-spotting such a popular theme in leadership research? What has traitspotting told us about the personality markers of successful leaders? What are the problems with this perspective?
Mintzberg asks: Would you like to be managed by someone who can’t lead? Would you like to be led by someone who can’t manage?How would you respond to those two questions?
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