A small piece of dust of mass m = 1.0 mg travels through an electric air cleaner in which the electric field is 500 N/C. The electric force on the dust particle is equal to the weight of the...

Eight point particles, each of charge Q, are located on the corners of a cube. What is the direction of the electric force on one of the particles from the others?

Consider a uniformly charged sphere with radius R and charge per unit volume . (a) What is the magnitude of the electric field a distance r - R/3 from the center of the sphere? (b) Explain in words...

Three point charges Q 1 = 2.5 ?C, Q 2 = 4.5 ?C, and Q 3 = -3.5 ?C are arranged as shown in Figure P18.9. What is the total electric potential energy of this system? Figure P18.9 ? y Q Q2 L Q1 I L =...

Four point charges, each with Q = 4.5 C, are arranged at the corners of a square of edge length 1.5 m. What is the electric potential at the center of the square?

A defibrillator containing a 20-F capacitor is used to shock the heart of a patient in serious condition by attaching it to the patients chest. Just prior to discharging, the capacitor has a...

If two circuit elements are connected in series, which of the following staements is true? (a) The voltage across the circuit elements is always the same. (b) The current through the circuit elements...

If three circuit elements are connected in parallel, which of the following statements is true? (a) The voltage across the circuit elements is always the same. (b) The current through the circuit...

You are given four resistors, each with resistance R. Devise two ways to connect these resistors to get a total equivalent resistance greater than R.

Some of the first capacitors constructed were called Leiden jars. These capacitors were actual jars with a layer of foil on the inside and outside of the glass as shown in Figure P18.81. A conducting...

The electric eel (Electrophorus electricus) can generate a potential difference of 600 V between a region just behind its head and its tail. Suppose an unsuspecting fi sh swims into this area,...

An aluminum wire has a diameter of 0.50 mm and a length of 7.5 m. What is its resistance?

You are given four resistors, each with resistance R. Devise a way to connect these resistors so that the total equivalent resistance is R. No cheating; you must use all the resistors so that there...

Consider the circuit in Figure P19.48. The resistors are identical with R 1 = R 2 = R 3 = 2000 , and the battery voltage is 1 = 9.0 V. What is the current through resistor R 1 ? R2 R1 R3 Figure...

Cell membranes contain openings called ion channels that allow ions to move from the inside of the cell to the outside. Consider a typical ion channel with a diameter of 1.0 nm and a length of 10 nm....

A defibrillator is used by emergency medical staff to shock the heart of an accident victim by applying a 10,000-V potential difference across the victims chest. (a) If the defibrillator has an...

A 70 electrical appliance and a 200 electrical appliance are plugged into the outlets of a house. By what factor will the power used change if an additional 400 electrical device is plugged in?

A positively charged particle moves with velocity v(vector) in a region where there is a magnetic field B(vector) and a nonzero magnetic force F (vector) n the particle. Consider how these three...

Suppose the currents in Figure P20.1 are in opposite directions: the current in the top wire is from left to right and the current in the bottom wire is from right to left. Find the direction of the...

Two parallel wires are oriented perpendicular to the page as shown in Figure Q20.9. The wires carry equal currents, and the direction of the current is into the page for each. The vertices of an...

A bubble chamber is a device that makes the path of a charged particle visible. When a charged particle with sufficient kinetic energy passes through a liquid, it will knock electrons off the atoms...

A proton moves at a speed of 1000 m/s in a direction perpendicular to a magnetic field with a magnitude of 0.75 T. What is the magnitude of the magnetic force on the proton?

A long, straight wire of length 0.75 m carries current I = 1.5 A in a region where B = 2.3 T. If the force on the wire is 1.4 N, what is the angle between the field and the wire?

The particle in Figure P20.20 has a negative charge, and its velocity vector lies in the xy plane and makes an angle of 75 with the y axis. If the magnetic field is along the+x direction, what is the...

A mass spectrometer can separate ions according to their charges and masses. One simple design for such a device is shown in Figure 20.27. Ions of mass m, charge q, and speed v enter a region in...

An oxygen ion O -2 is moving with a speed of 300 m/s in a direction perpendicular to a magnetic field of magnitude B. If the acceleration of the O -2 ion is 1.5x10 9 m/s 2 , what is B?

The magnetic flux through a loop of wire is B = 5.5 T m 2 . If the magnetic field has magnitude B = 0.85 T, what is the smallest possible value for the area of the loop?

A metal loop is placed in a perpendicular magnetic field as sketched in Figure P21.16. (a) We wish to find the induced current through the loop. What closed path and which corresponding area should...

When an LC circuit is at resonance, is the impedance (a) zero, (b) 2fL, (c) 1/(2fC), (d) 1/LC

A metal bar of length L is attached to two vertical metal rails as sketched in Figure P21.24. The connections are frictionless, but allow current to flow between the rails and the bar. A constant...

The switch in Figure P21.42 is open for a very long time and then closed at t = 0. (a) What is the current through R 1 and through R 2 immediately after the switch is closed? (b) What is the voltage...

In Section 21.8, we mentioned that an emf is induced in a distant coil or current loop via an electromagnetic wave. For the case in Figure 21.32, this electromagnetic wave travels from the inner...

A loop of wire (loop 1) lies in a horizontal plane. A second loop (loop 2) of the same size is positioned above loop 1 and is also oriented horizontally (Fig. P21.60). The current in loop 1 is...

Transformers are not limited to two sets of windings. The relationship for winding ratios holds true for multiple sets of coils as well. The AC voltage on the primary coil in Figure P22.81 is V P =...

In Figure 23.5, we analyzed the force exerted by the electric and magnetic fields of an electromagnetic wave on an electric charge at the surface of a material when the electric field has the...

About how far does a typical water molecule diffuse (in water) in 1 minute?

One way for a protein to move from one side of a cell to another is through diffusion. If the diameter of a cell is increased by a factor of four, by what factor does the time required to diffuse...

A cell membrane is typically 10 nm (1 10 -8 m) thick. How long does it take an oxygen molecule to diffuse this distance through the membrane?

A heat engine absorbs 8000 J of heat from a hot reservoir and produces 5500 J of work. What is the efficiency of the engine?

A pot contains 250 g of water at 100C. If this water is heated and all evaporates to form steam at 100C, what is the change in the entropy of the H 2 O?

Find the magnitude of the electric force on a 2.0 C charge in a 100-N/C electric field.

In Fig. 20.28, point Pis midway between the two charges. Find the electric field in the plane of the page (a) 5.0 cm to the left of P, (b) 5.0 cm directly above P, and (c) at P. +2.0 C 2.0 C -5.0...

The volume charge density inside a solid sphere of radius a is = 0 r/a, where 0 is a constant. Find (a) The total charge (b) The electric field strength within the sphere, as a function of...

A charge of 3.1 C moves from the positive to the negative terminal of a 9.0-V battery. How much energy does the battery impart to the charge?

An unknown capacitor C is connected in series with a 3.0F capacitor; this pair is placed in parallel with a 1.0F capacitor, and the entire combination is put in series with a 2.0F capacitor. (a) Make...

Use Equation 22.6 to calculate the electric field on the perpendicular bisector of a dipole, and show that your result is equivalent to Equation 20.6a. k(2aq) cos0 _ kp cos 0 V(r, 0) =- (dipole...

Find the equivalent resistance between A and B for the circuits in Fig. 25.38. A- R1. R. R1, B. B- B () (b) (e) FIGURE 25.38 Problem 71

Stray voltage is a serious problem on dairy farms, often resulting from corroded wiring or poor wiring practices. These conditions can produce several volts between the ground and metal watering...

A rectangular conducting loop of resistance R, mass m, and width w falls into a uniform magnetic field as shown in Fig. 27.41.(a) Explain why the loop eventually reaches a terminal speed.(b) Find an...

Find the resonant frequency of an LC circuit consisting of a 0.22F capacitor and a 1.7-mH inductor.

Find the speed of light in a material for which the critical angle at an interface with air is 61.

Find an expression for the normalization constant A for the wave function given by = 0 for |x| > b and = A (b 2 -x 2 ) for -b x b

A rectangular channel 2.00 m wide carries 5.5 m 3 /s of water and is made of formed unfinished concrete. Use y = 0.50 m in (d).

Draw a ray diagram locating the images of a point source as formed by a pair of mirrors at 90? (Fig. P.5.61a). Now create a ray diagram locating the images of the arrow shown in Fig. P.5.61b. Fig...

You are riding a bicycle at constant speed when you throw a ball vertically upward. It will land a. In front of you b. On your head c. Behind you d. Any of the above, depending on the balls speed

What are the three main factors that will require changes in todays patterns of energy production and consumption?

The earths atmosphere is primarily heated by a. direct sunlight b. sunlight reflected by the earths surface c. infrared light radiated by the earths surface d. carbon dioxide emissions

What is the basic difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion? In what way are they similar?

A transformer rated at a maximum power of 10 kW is used to couple a 5000-V transmission line to a 240-V circuit. What is the maximum current in the 240-V circuit?

Lithium reacts with water to produce lithium hydroxide. What else is produced? Write the equation of the process. Which element is reduced and which is oxidized?

The generally easterly winds that blow on both sides of the equator are called a. trade winds b. monsoons c. cyclones d. doldrums

Over 90 percent of the meteorites found after a known fall are stony, yet most of the meteorites in museums are iron. Why do you think this is so?

Give the major product(s) of each of the following reactions.

Predict the spin spin splitting that you would expect to observe in the NMR spectra of each compound in Problem 37. CH3 CH3 CH3 (a) CH;CCH,CH3, BICH,CHCH,CH3, CH;CHCH,CH;Br Br CH,CI CH; (b)...

Would you expect the catalytic hydrogenation of a small-ring cyclic alkene such as cyclobutene to be more or less exothermic than that of cyclohexene?

Humulene and a-caryophyllene alcohol are terpene constituents of carnation extracts. The former is converted into the latter by acid-catalyzed hydration in one step. Write a mechanism. * H*. H,O H-...

Formulate the product(s) that you would expect from each of the following reactions. Show stereochemistry clearly. Ch (b) trans-3-Heptene HCI Br2, H2O (a) (c) 1-Ethylcyclohexene CH,CH3 CH3 NaOH, H,O...

Rank in order of decreasing stability. (a) 1-Heptyne and 3-heptyne (b) -C=CCH3, CH,C=CH, and

Plan syntheses of each of the following compounds, utilizing retrosynthetic-analysis techniques. Starting compounds are given in parentheses. However, other simple alkanes or alkenes also may be...

Propose a reasonable structure for calcium carbide, CaC 2 , on the basis of its chemical reactivity (Section 13-10). What might be a more systematic name for it? Section 13-10 Ethyne chemistry...

When cyclooctyne is treated with dilute, aqueous sulfuric acid and HgSO4, a new compound results. It is best represented as () (b) () OH OH (d)

Which of the following structures qualify as being aromatic, according to Hckels rule?

Give the expected major product(s) of each of the following electrophilic substitution reactions. N(CH3)2 CI CCH,CH, CH.CCI, AICI, Br,, FeBr, HNO,. H,SO, (a) (b) H;C CH; CH CH;0 NO2 SO,, H,SO, CISO,H...

Give the expected major product(s) of each of the following reactions. NO2 COOH CH,CH; Cl, FeCI, So,, H,SO, HNO,, H,SO, () (b) CH3 NHCH, SO,H CH3 Brs, FeBr, Br,, FeBr, SO, H;SO, (d) (e) CH CCH3 NO2...

Propose a reasonable synthesis of each of the following multiply substituted arenes from benzene. CH3 CH,CH3 NO2 NO2 () (d) CI S,H CH3 Br CH3 NO2 Cl. Br CI Br. Br (f) (h) O,N NO,

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (anisyl alcohol) (see margin) contributes both to the fl avor of licorice and to the fragrance of lavender. Propose a synthesis of this compound from methoxybenzene...

Propose a mechanism for the following reaction. (Take note of all of the products that are formed and base your answer on the mechanism for acid-catalyzed bromination of acetone shown below) CI...

Write the structures of the aldol condensation products of (a) pentanal; (b) 3-methylbutanal; (c) cyclopentanone.

Write the structures of the expected major products of crossed aldol condensation at elevated temperature between excess benzaldehyde and (a) 1-phenylethanone (b) acetone; (c)...

Rotundone (margin) is the natural product responsible for the peppery aroma in peppers, many herbs, and red wines. What cyclic diketone will give rotundone upon intramolecular aldol condensation?...

Write all possible products of the base-catalyzed crossed aldol reactions between each pair of reaction partners given below. (Multiple products are possible in every case; be sure to include...

Reaction review. Without consulting the Reaction Road Maps on pp. 818 819, suggest reagents to convert butanal into each of the following compounds. () H. (b) () H. H. Br Br H. (d) H. (f) H. (g) H....

Reaction review III. Without consulting the Reaction Road Maps on pp. 818 819, suggest reagents to convert 3-buten-2-one into each of the following compounds. Page 818-819 () (b) () (d) CHs OH ()...

How would you best classify the following reaction? (a) Wittig reaction; (b) Cyanohydrin formation; (c) Conjugate addition; (d) Aldol addition. H. NC -> H2C=CHCH=N H. NCCH;CH=CHNH,

Reaction review. Without consulting the Reaction Road Map on pp. 816 817, suggest reagents to convert each of the starting materials below into 3-hexanone. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) page 816-817

Indicate the reagent(s) best suited to effect these transformations. (a) (b) (c) (d) CH,CH=CHCH,CH,CH CH;CH,CH,CH,CH,CH

Give the product(s) of reaction of cycloheptanone with each of the reagents in Problem 52. Data From Problem 52 (a) HOCH 2 CH 2 OH, H + (b) LiAlH 4 , then H + , H 2 O (c) NH 2 OH, H + (d) NH 2 NH 2 ,...

Give the products of reaction of propanoic acid with each of the following reagents. (a) SOCl2 (b) PBr3 (c) CH3CH2COBr 1 pyridine (d) (CH3)2CHOH 1 HCl (e) (f) Product of (e), heated strongly (g)...

Give the products of each of the following reactions. (a) (CH 3 ) 2 CHCH 2 CO 2 H + SOCl 2 (b) (CH 3 ) 2 CHCH 2 CO 2 H + CH 3 COBr (c) (d) (e) Product of (d), heated strongly (f) Phthalic acid,...

Following the general mechanistic scheme, write detailed mechanisms for each of the following substitution reactions. (These transformations are part of Chapter 20, but try to solve the problem...

Give the major product(s) of each of the following reactions. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) OH Conc. HBr

Reaction review. Suggest reagents to convert each of the following starting materials into the indicated product: (a) hexanoyl chloride into acetic hexanoic anhydride; (b) methyl hexanoate into...

Formulate a mechanism for the reaction of methyl 9-octadecenoate with 1-dodecanamine shown on p. 939. Page 939 H. 230C CH3(CH,),CH=CH(CH,),COCH; + CH3(CH,)1|NH (See Problem 43) Methyl 9-octadecenoate...

Do you think that propanedial, shown in the margin, can be easily prepared by a simple Claisen condensation? Why or why not? HCH,CH Propanedial

Write out, in full detail, the mechanism of the Michael addition of malonic ester to 3-buten-2-one in the presence of ethoxide ion. Be sure to indicate all steps that are reversible. Does the overall...

Based on the mechanism presented for the Pd-catalyzed reaction of a halobenzene with hydroxide ion, write out a reasonable mechanism for the Pd-catalyzed reaction of Problem 38(a). Problem 38(a) (a)...

Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing acidity. Estimate pK a values for each. (a) (b) CH 3 CO 2 H (c) CH 3 OH (d) (e) CH 3 CHO (f) (g) CH 3 O 2 CCH 2 CO 2 CH 3 (h) CH 3 O 2 CCO 2 CH 3

Suggest a synthesis of each of the following -dicarbonyl compounds by Claisen or Dieckmann condensations. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) -CH,CCHCOCH,CH3

Devise a preparation of each of the following ketones by using the acetoacetic ester synthesis. (a) (b) (c) (d) OCH,CH3

Two of the following four compounds are more acidic than CH 3 OH (i.e., two of these have K a greater than methanol). Which ones? (a) A and B; (b) B and C; (c) C and D; (d) D and A; (e) D and B....