A firefighter holds a hose with a bend in it as in figure. Water is expelled from the hose in a stream of radius 1.5 cm at a speed of 30 m/s.

(a) What mass of water emerges from the hose in 1 s?

(b) What is the horizontal momentum of this water?

(c) Before reaching the bend, the water has momentum upward, whereas afterward, its momentum is horizontal. Draw a vector diagram of the initial and final momentum vectors, and find the change in the momentum of the water at the bend in 1 s. From this, find the force exerted on the water by the hose.