Question: A specially processed clay has particles that are 500 nm thick and 10,000 nm x 10,000 nm wide. The specific gravity of solids is 2.80.

A specially processed clay has particles that are 500 nm thick and 10,000 nm x 10,000 nm wide. The specific gravity of solids is 2.80. The particles lie perfectly parallel with an edge-to-edge spacing of 400 nm (i.e., they look like thin bricks stacked perfectly parallel). (a) Initially, the cation valence in the double layer is +1, resulting in a face-to-face spacing of 1500 nm. How many particles per cm3 will there be at this spacing? What are the void ratio and water content, assuming that the soil is at 100% saturation? (b) Another sample of the clay is mixed such that the cation valence is +2. What are the new void ratio and water content under these conditions?

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