Consider a horizontal 4-ft-diameter galvanized-iron pipe simulating the Alaska Pipeline. The oil flow is 70 million U.S. gallons per day, at a density of 910 kg/m3 and viscosity of 0.01 kg/m⋅s (see Fig. A.1 for SAE 30 oil at 100°C) Each pump along the line raises the oil pressure to 8 MPa, which then drops, due to head loss, to 400 kPa at the entrance to the next pump. Estimate
(a) The appropriate distance between pumping stations; and
(b) The power required if the pumps are 88% efficient.