Decide first whether data are quantitative or qualitative. Unless mentioned otherwise, no assumption has been seriously violated, and therefore the appropriate test should be selected from among t, F , or c2 tests. Specify the precise form of the test. For example, specify that the t test is for two population means with related samples, or that the c2 test is for two variables, or that the F test is for repeated measures.
1. Another investigator criticizes the design of the previous study, saying that high school students should have been randomly assigned to either the special training condition or a control condition and tested just once at the end of the study. Subsequently, she conducts this study.
2. An investigator wishes to test whether creative artists are equally likely to be born under each of the 12 astrological signs.
3. To determine whether there is a relationship between the sexual codes of primitive tribes and their behavior toward neighboring tribes, an anthropologist consults available records, classifying each tribe on the basis of its sexual codes (permissive or repressive) and its behavior toward neighboring tribes (friendly or hostile).
4. Over a century ago, the British surgeon Joseph Lister investigated the relationship between the operating room environment (presence or absence of disinfectant) and the fate of about 100 emergency amputees (survived or failed to survive).
5. A social scientist wishes to determine whether there is a relationship between the attractiveness scores (on a 100-point scale) assigned to college students by a panel of peers and their scores on a paper-and-pencil test of anxiety.