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mechanical engineering
Thermodynamics An Interactive Approach 1st edition Subrata Bhattacharjee - Solutions
A 4 kg iron block initially at 300oC is dropped into an insulated tank that contains 80 kg of water at 25oC. Assuming the water that vaporizes during this process condenses back in the tank and the surroundings are at 20oC and 100 kPa. Determine (a) The final equilibrium temperature (Tf), (b) The
A refrigerator has a second-law efficiency of 45%, and heat is removed from it at a rate of 200 kJ/min. If the refrigerator is maintained at 2oC, while the surrounding air is at 27oC, determine (a) the power input to the refrigerator.
An air-conditioning system is required to transfer heat from a house at a rate of 800 kJ/min to maintain its temperature at 20oC while the outside temperature is 40oC. If the COP of the system is 3.7, determine (a) the power required for air conditioning the house and (b) the rate of energy
A heat engine receives heat from a source at 2000 K at a rate of 500 kW and rejects the waste heat to the atmosphere at 300 K. The net output from the engine is 300 kW. Determine (a) the reversible power output, (b) the rate of energy input into the engine, (c) the rate of energy destruction (I) in
A heat engine produces 40 kW of power while consuming 40 kW of heat from a source at 1200 K, 50 kW of heat from a source at 1500 K, and rejecting the waste heat to the atmosphere at 300 K. Determine (a) The reversible power and (b) the rate of energy destruction (I) in the engine's universe.
An insulated rigid tank contains 1.5 kg of helium at 30oC and 500 kPa. A paddle wheel with a power rating of 0.1 kW is operated within the tank for 30 minutes. Determine (a) The minimum work in which this process could be accomplished and (b) the energy destroyed (I) in the universe during the
An insulated rigid tank contains 1.0 kg of air at 130 kPa and 20oC. A paddle wheel inside the tank is rotated by an external power source until the temperature in the tank rises to 54oC. If the surrounding air is at 20oC, determine (a) the energy destroyed (I) and (b) the reversible work (Wrev).
A steam radiator (used for space heating) has a volume of 20 L and is filled up with steam at 200 kPa and 250oC. The inlet and exit ports are then closed. As the radiator cools down to a room temperature of 20oC, determine (a) the heat transfer (Q) and (b) reversible work (Wrev). (c) What-if
A 5 kW pump is raising water to an elevation of 25 m from the free surface of a lake. The temperature of water increases by 0.1oC. Neglecting the KE, determine (a) The mass flow rate, (b) The minimum power (magnitude only) required and (c) The exegetic (second-law) efficiency of the system.
An insulated steam turbine, receives 25 kg of steam per second at 4 MPa and 400oC. At the point in the turbine where the pressure is 0.5 MPa, steam is bled off for processing equipment at a rate of 10 kg/s. The temperature of this steam is 230oC. The balance of steam leaves the turbine at 30 kPa,
Steam enters an adiabatic turbine steadily at 6 MPa, 600oC, 50 m/s, and exits at 50 kPa, 100oC, 150 m/s. The turbine produces 5 MW. If the ambient conditions are 100 kPa and 20oC, determine (a) The maximum possible power output, (b) The second law (exegetic) efficiency and (c) The
Steam enters a turbine steadily at 2 MPa, 400oC, 6 kg/s and exits at 0.3 MPa, 150oC. Steam is losing heat to the surrounding air at 100 kPa and 25oC at a rate of 200 kW. Determine (a) The actual power output (Wext), (b) The maximum possible power output (Wext), (c) The second law efficiency and
Steam enters an adiabatic turbine steadily at 8 MPa, 500oC, 50 m/s, and exits at 30 kPa, 150 m/s. The mass flow rate is 1 kg/s, the adiabatic efficiency is 90%, and the ambient temperature is 300 K. Determine (a) The second-law efficiency of the turbine. (b) What-if Scenario: What would the
A steam turbine has the inlet conditions of 5 MPa, 500oC and an exit pressure of 12 kPa. Assuming the atmospheric conditions to be 100 kPa and 25oC, plot how the exegetic efficiency of the turbine changes as the isentropic efficiency decreases from 100% to 75%.
Refrigerant-12 is throttled by a valve from the saturated liquid state at 800 kPa to a pressure of 150 kPa at a mass flow rate of 0.5 kg/s. Assuming the surrounding conditions to be 100 kPa and 25oC, determine (a) The rate of energy destruction (I) and (b) The reversible power.
Superheated water vapor enters a valve at 3445 kPa, 260oC and exits at a pressure of 551 kPa. Determine (a) the specific flow exergy (ψ) at the inlet and exit and (b) the rate of exergy destruction in the valve per unit of mass. Let T0 = 25o, p0 = 1 atm.
Water at 140 kPa and 280 K enters a mixing chamber at a rate of 2 kg/s, where it is mixed steadily with steam entering at 140 kPa and 400 K. The mixture leaves the chamber at 140 kPa and 320 K, and heat is lost to the surrounding air at 20oC at a rate of 3 kW. Determine (a) The reversible work and
Steam enters a closed feedwater heater at 1.1 MPa, 200oC and leaves as saturated liquid at the same pressure. Feedwater enters the heater at 2.5 MPa, 50oC and in an isobaric manner leaves 12oC below the exit temperature of the steam. Neglecting any heat losses, determine (a) the mass flow rate (m)
Measurements during steady state operation indicate that warm air exits a hand held hair dryer at a temperature of 90oC with a velocity of 10 m/s through an area of 20 cm3. Air enters the dryer at 25oC, 100 kPa with a velocity of 3 m/s. No significant change in pressure is observed. Also, no
A 0.5 m3 tank initially contains saturated liquid water at 200oC. A valve on the bottom of the tank is opened and half the liquid is drained. Heat is transferred from a source at 300oC to maintain constant temperature inside the tank. Determine (a) the heat transfer (Q) and (b) the reversible work.
A 100 m3 rigid tank initially contains atmospheric air at 100 kPa and 300 K is to be used as a storage vessel for compressed air at 2 MPa and 300 K. Compressed air is to be supplied by a compressor that takes in atmospheric air at 100 kPa and 300 K. Determine the reversible work (Wrev). Use the PG
A 0.2 m3 tank initially contains R-12 at 1 MPa and x = 1. The tank is charged to 1.2 MPa, x = 0 from a supply line that carries R-12 at 1.5 MPa and 30oC. Determine (a) the heat transfer (Q) and (b) the wasted work potential associated with the process. Assume the surrounding temperature to be 50oC.
A feed water heater has water at a mass flow rate of 5 kg/s at 5 MPa, 40oC flowing through it, being heated from two sources. One source adds 900 kW from a 100oC reservoir and the other source adds heat from a 200oC reservoir such that the water exit conditions are 5 MPa and 180oC. (a) Determine
Argon gas enters an adiabatic compressor at 100 kPa, 25oC, 20 m/s and exits at 1 MPa, 550oC, 100 m/s. The inlet area of the compressor is 75 cm2. Assuming the surroundings to be at 100 kPa and 25oC, determine (a) The reversible power, (b) Irreversibility for this device and (c) The exegetic
Refrigerant-134a is to be compressed from 0.2 MPa and -5oC to 1 MPa and 50oC steadily by an adiabatic compressor. Taking the environment conditions to be 20oC and 95 kPa, determine (a) The specific energy change of the refrigerant and (b) The minimum work input (magnitude only) that needs to be
Refrigerant-134a enters an adiabatic compressor as saturated vapor at 120 kPa at a rate of 1 m3/min and exits at 1 MPa. The compressor has an adiabatic efficiency of 85%. Assuming the surrounding conditions to be 100 kPa and 25oC. Determine (a) The actual power (Wrev) and (b) The second-law
Consider an air compressor that receives ambient air at 100 kPa and 25oC. It compresses the air to a pressure of 2 MPa, where it exits at a temperature of 800 K. Since the air and compressor housing are both hotter than the ambient temperature, the compressor loses 80 kJ per kilogram air flowing
Carbon dioxide (CO2) enters a nozzle at 35 psia, 1400oF, 250 ft/s and exits at 12 psia, 1200oF. Assuming the nozzle to be adiabatic and the surroundings to be at 14.7 psia and 65oF. Determine: (a) The exit velocity (V2) and (b) The availability drop between the inlet and the exit. (c) What-if
Steam enters a turbine with a pressure of 3 MPa, a temperature of 400oC and a velocity of 140 m/s. Steam exits as saturated vapor at 100oC with a velocity of 105 m/s. At steady state, the turbine develops work at a rate of 500 kJ per kg of steam flowing through the turbine. Heat transfer between
A four-cylinder four-stroke engine operates at 4000 rpm. The bore and stroke are 100 mm each, the MEP is measured as 0.6 MPa, and the thermal efficiency is 35%. Determine (a) The power produced by the engine in kW, (b) The waste heat in kW, (c) And the volumetric air intake in L/s.
A six-cylinder four-stroke engine operating at 3000 rpm produces 200 kW of total brake power. If the cylinder displacement is 1 L, determine (a) The net work output in kJ per cylinder per cycle, (b) The MEP and (c) The fuel consumption rate in kg/h. Assume the heat release per kg of fuel to be
A four-cylinder two-stroke engine operating at 2000 rpm produces 50 kW of total brake power. If the cylinder displacement is 1 L, determine (a) The net work output in kJ per cylinder per cycle, (b) The MEP and (c) The fuel consumption rate in kg/h. Assume the heat release per kg of fuel to be 35
A six-cylinder engine with a volumetric efficiency of 90% and a thermal efficiency of 38% produces 200 kW of power at 3000 rpm. The cylinder bore and stroke are 100 mm and 200 mm respectively. If the condition of air in the intake manifold is 95 kPa and 300 K, determine (a) The mass flow rate of
Carnot cycle running on a closed system has 1.5 kg of air. The temperature limits are 300 K and 1000 K, and the pressure limits are 20 kPa and 1900 kPa. Determine (a) The efficiency and (b) The net work output. Use the PG model. (c) What-if Scenario: How would the answer in part (b) change if
Consider a Carnot cycle executed in a closed system with 0.003 kg of air. The temperature limits are 25oC and 730oC, and the pressure limits are 15 kPa and 1700 kPa. Determine (a) The efficiency and (b) The net work output per cycle. Use the PG model for air.
An air standard Carnot cycle is executed in a closed system between the temperature limits of 300 K and 1000 K. The pressure before and after the isothermal compression are 100 kPa and 300 kPa, respectively. If the net work output per cycle is 0.22 kJ, determine (a) The maximum pressure in the
An air standard Carnot cycle is executed in a closed system between the temperature limits of 350 K and 1200 K. The pressure before and after the isothermal compression are 150 kPa and 300 kPa respectively. If the net work output per cycle is 0.5 kJ, determine (a) The maximum pressure in the
An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 9. At the beginning of compression, air is at 14.4 psia and 80oF. During constant-volume heat addition 450 Btu/lbm of heat is transferred. Calculate (a) The maximum temperature, (b) Efficiency and (c) The net work output. Use the IG model.
The compression ratio of an air standard Otto cycle is 8.7. Prior to the isentropic compression process, air is at 120 kPa, 19oC, and 660 cm3. The temperature at the end of the isentropic expansion process is 810 K. Using the PG model, determine (a) The highest temperature and pressure in the
The compression ratio in an air standard Otto cycle is 8. At the beginning of the compression stroke the pressure is 0.1 MPa and the temperature is 21oC. The heat transfer to the air per cycle is 2000 kJ/kg. Determine (a) The thermal efficiency and (b) The mean effective pressure. Use the PG
An ideal Otto cycle with argon as the working fluid has a compression ratio of 8.5. The minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 350 K and 1630 K. Accounting for variation of specific heats with temperature (that is, using the IG model for air), determine (a) The amount of heat transferred
An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8.3. At the beginning of the compression process, air is at 100 kPa and 25oC, and 1000 kJ/kg of heat is transferred to air during the constant volume heat addition process. Using the IG model for air, determine (a) The maximum temperature and pressure
In problem 7-3-13 [OLL], assume the heat addition can be modeled as heat transfer from a source at 1700oC. Determine (a) The energy transferred from the reservoir and (b) The energy rejected to the atmosphere from the engine per unit mass of the gas. Assume the atmospheric conditions to be 100
An engine equipped with a single cylinder having a bore of 12 cm and a stroke of 50 cm operates on an Otto cycle. At the beginning of the compression stroke air is at the atmospheric conditions of 100 kPa, 25oC. The maximum temperature in the cycle is 1100oC and the heat addition can be assumed to
An ideal Otto cycle with air as the working fluid has a compression ratio of 8. The minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 25oC and 1000oC respectively. Using the IG model, determine (a) The amount of heat transferred per unit mass of air during the heat addition process, (b) The
An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 7. At the beginning of the compression process, air is at 98 kPa, 30oC and 766 kJ/kg of heat is transferred to air during the constant-volume heat addition process. Determine (a) The pressure (p) and temperature (T) at the end of the heat addition
An engine equipped with a single cylinder having a bore of 12 cm and a stroke of 50 cm operates on an Otto cycle. At the beginning of the compression stroke air is at 100 kPa, 25oC. The maximum temperature in the cycle is 1100oC. (a) If the clearance volume is 1500 cc, determine the air standard
The temperature at the beginning of the compression process of an air standard Otto cycle with a compression ratio of 8 is 27oC, the pressure is 101 kPa, and the cylinder volume is 566 cm3. The maximum temperature during the cycle is 1726oC. Determine (a) The thermal efficiency and (b) The mean
The compression ratio of an air standard Otto cycle is 8. Prior to isentropic compression, the air is at 100 kPa, 20oC and 500 cm3. The temperature at the end of combustion process is 900 K. Determine (a) The highest pressure in the cycle, (b) The amount of heat input in kJ, (c) Thermal efficiency
At the beginning of the compression process of an air standard Otto cycle, pressure is 100 kPa, temperature is 16oC, and volume is 300 cm3. The maximum temperature in the cycle is 2000oC and the compression ratio is 9. Determine (a) the heat addition in kJ, (b) the net work (Wnet) in kJ, (c)
The compression ratio in an air standard Otto cycle is 8. At the beginning of the compression stroke, the pressure is 101 kPa and the temperature is 289 K. The heat transfer to the air per cycle is 1860 kJ/kg. Determine (a) The thermal efficiency and (b) The mean effective pressure. Use the PG
An air standard Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 9. At the beginning of the compression, pressure is 95 kPa and temperature is 30oC. Heat addition to the air is 1 kJ, and the maximum temperature in the cycle is 750oC. Using the IG model for air, determine (a) The net work (Wnet) in kJ, (b)
An ideal cold air standard Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 20. At the beginning of compression, air is at 95 kPa and 20oC. If the maximum temperature during the cycle is 2000oC, determine (a) The thermal efficiency and (b) The mean effective pressure. Use the PG model.
An ideal diesel engine has a compression ratio of 20 and uses nitrogen gas as working fluid. The state of nitrogen gas at the beginning of the compression process is 95 kPa and 20oC. If the maximum temperature in the cycle is not to exceed 2200 K, determine (a) The thermal efficiency and (b) The
An ideal diesel engine has a compression ratio of 22 and uses air as working fluid. The state of air at the beginning of the compression process is 95 kPa and 22oC. If the maximum temperature in the cycle is not exceed 1900oC, determine (a) The thermal efficiency and (b) The mean effective
At the beginning of the compression process of the standard Diesel cycle, air is at 100 kPa and 298 K. If the maximum pressure and temperature during the cycle are 7 MPa and 2100 K, determine (a) The compression ratio, (b) The cutoff ratio, (c) The thermal efficiency, and (d) The mean effective
A four cylinder 3-L (maximum volume per cylinder) diesel engine that operates on an ideal Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 18 and a cutoff ratio of 3. Air is at 25oC and 95 kPa at the beginning of the compression process. Using the cold-air standard assumptions, determine How much power the
An air standard Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 19, and heat transfer to the working fluid per cycle is 2000 kJ/kg. At the beginning of the compression process the pressure is 105 kPa and the temperature is 20oC. Determine (a) The net work (wnet) per unit mass, (b) The thermal efficiency
The displacement volume of an internal combustion engine is 3 L. The processes within each cylinder of the engine are modeled as an air standard Diesel cycle with a cut off ratio of 2. The state of air at the beginning of the compression is fixed by p1 = 100 kPa, T1= 25oC, and V1= 3.5 L. Determine:
An air standard Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 15 and cutoff ratio of 3. At the beginning of the compression process, air is at 97 kPa and 30oC. Using the PG model for air, determine (a) The temperature (T3) after the heat addition process, (b) The thermal efficiency and (c) The mean
An air standard Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 16 and cutoff ratio of 2. At the beginning of the compression process, air is at 100 kPa, 15oC and has a volume of 0.014 m3. Determine (a) The temperature (T3) after the heat addition process, (b) The thermal efficiency and (c) The mean
At the beginning of the compression process of an air standard Diesel cycle operating with a compression ratio of 10, the temperature is 25oC and the pressure is 100 kPa. The cutoff ratio of the cycle is 2. Determine (a) The thermal efficiency and (b) The mean effective pressure. Use the PG model.
The conditions at the beginning of the compression process of an air standard Diesel cycle are 150 kPa and 100oC. The compression ratio is 15 and the heat addition per unit mass is 750 kJ/kg Determine (a) The maximum temperature, (b) The maximum pressure, (c) The cutoff ratio, (d) The thermal
An air standard Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 20 and cutoff ratio of 3. At the beginning of the compression process, air is at 90 kPa and 20oC. Using the PG model for air, determine (a) The temperature (T3) after the heat addition process, (b) The thermal efficiency and (c) The mean
An air standard Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 17.9. Air is at 85oF and 15.8 psia at the beginning of the compression process and at 3100oR at the end of the heat addition process. Accounting for the variation of specific heats with temperature, determine (a) The cutoff ratio, (b) The
An air standard Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 18 and cutoff ratio of 3. At the beginning of the compression process, air is at 100 kPa and 20oC. Using the PG model for air, determine (a) The net work per unit mass (wnet) per cycle and (b) The thermal efficiency.
An ideal dual cycle has a compression ratio of 14 and uses air as working fluid. The state of air at the beginning of the compression process is 100 kPa and 300 K. The pressure ratio is 1.5 during the constant-volume heat addition process. If the maximum temperature in the cycle is 2200 K,
An air standard cycle is executed in a closed system and is composed of the following four processes: (1) 1-2: Isentropic compression from 110 kPa and 30oC to 900 kPa, (2) 2-3: p = constant during heat addition in the amount of 3000 kJ/kg, (3) 3-4: v = constant during heat rejection to 110 kPa, (4)
An air standard cycle is executed in a closed system and is composed of the following four processes: (1) 1-2: v = constant during heat addition from 15 psia and 85oF in the amount of 320 Btu/lbm, (2) 2-3: p = constant during heat addition to 3500oR, (3) 3-4: Isentropic expansion to 15 psia, (4)
An air standard cycle with a variable specific heats is executed in a closed system and is composed of the following four processes: (1) 1-2: Isentropic compression from 95 kPa and 25oC to 900 kPa, (2) 2-3: v = constant during heat addition to 1200oC, (3) 3-4: Isentropic expansions to 95 kPa, (4)
An air standard cycle is executed in a closed system with 0.001 kg of air and is composed of the following three processes: (1) 1-2: Isentropic compression from 110 kPa and 30oC to 1.1 MPa (2) 2-3: p = constant during heat addition in the amount of 1.73 kJ (3) 3-1: p = c1 v + c2 during heat
An ideal Stirling cycle running on a closed system has air at 200 kPa, 300 K at the beginning of the isothermal compression process. Heat supplied from a source of 1700 K is 800 kJ/kg. Determine (a) The efficiency and (b) The net work (wnet) output per kg of air. Use the PG model.
Consider an ideal Stirling cycle engine in which the pressure and temperature at the beginning of the isothermal compression process are 95 kPa, 20oC, the compression ratio is 5, and the maximum temperature in the cycle is 1000oC. Determine (a) Maximum pressure and (b) The thermal efficiency (ηth)
An ideal Stirling engine using helium as the working fluid operates between the temperature limits of 38oC and 850oC and pressure limits of 102 kPa and 1020 kPa. Assuming the mass used in the cycle is 1 kg, determine (a) The thermal efficiency (ηth) of the cycle and (b) The net work (wnet).
Consider an ideal Stirling cycle engine in which the pressure, temperature and volume at the beginning of the isothermal compression process are 100 kPa, 15oC and 0.03 m3, the compression ratio is 8, and the maximum temperature in the cycle is 650oC. Determine (a) The net work (Wnet), (b) The
Fifty grams of air undergoes a Stirling cycle with a compression ratio of 4. At the beginning of the isothermal process, the pressure and volume are 100 kPa and 0.05 m3, respectively. The temperature during the isothermal expansion is 990 K. Determine (a) The net work (Wnet) output per kg and (b)
An ideal Stirling engine using helium as the working fluid operates between the temperature limits of 300 K and 1800 K and pressure limits of 150 kPa and 1200 kPa. Assuming the mass used in the cycle is 1.5 kg, determine (a) The thermal efficiency (ηth) of the cycle, (b) The amount of heat
At the beginning of the compression process of an air standard dual cycle with a compression ratio of 18, p = 100 kPa and T = 300 K. The pressure ratio for the constant volume part of the heating process is 1.5 and the volume ratio of the constant pressure part is 1.2. Determine (a) The thermal
At the beginning of the compression process of a Miller cycle with a compression ratio of 8 air is at 25oC, 101 kPa. The maximum temperature during the cycle is 1600oC. The minimum pressure during the cycle is 80 kPa. Determine (a) The net work (wnet) output per unit mass, (b) The thermal
An air standard dual cycle has a compression ratio of 15 and a cutoff ratio of 1.5. At the beginning of compression, p1 = 1 bar and T1 = 290 K. The pressure doubles during the constant volume heat addition process. If the mass of air is 0.5 kg, determine (a) The net work (Wnet) of the cycle, (b)
A 3-stroke cycle is executed in a closed system with 1 kg of air, and it consists of the following three processes: (1) Isentropic compression from 100 kPa, 300 K to 800 kPa, (2) p = constant during heat addition in amount of 2000 kJ, (3) p = cv during heat rejection to initial state. Calculate
An air standard cycle is executed in a closed system with 0.005 kg of air, and it consists of the following three processes: (1) Isentropic compression from 200 kPa, 30oC to 2 MPa, (2) p = constant during heat addition in the amount of 2 kJ, (3) p = c1v + c2 heat rejection to initial state.
An air standard cycle is executed in a closed system with 0.001 kg of air, and it consists of the following three processes: (1) v = constant during heat addition from 95 kPa 20oC to 450 kPa, (2) isentropic expansion to 95 kPa, (3) p = constant heat rejection to initial state. Using PG model
An air standard cycle is executed in a closed system with 1 kg of air, and it consists of the following three processes: (1) Isentropic compression from 100 kPa, 27oC to 700 kPa, (2) p = constant during heat addition to initial specific volume, (3) v = constant during heat rejection to initial
An air standard cycle is executed in a closed system with 1 kg of air, and it consists of the following three processes: (1) Isentropic compression from 100 kPa, 27oC to 700 kPa, (2) p = constant during heat addition to initial specific volume, (3) v = constant during heat rejection to initial
A Carnot cycle running on a closed system has 1 kg of air and executes 20 cycles every second. The temperature limits are 300 K and 1000 K, and the pressure limits are 20 kPa and 1900 kPa. Atmospheric conditions are 100 kPa and 300 K. Using the PG model for air, perform a complete energy inventory
Consider a Carnot cycle executed in a closed system with 0.5 kg of air. The temperature limits are 50oC and 750oC, and the pressure limits are 15 kPa and 1700 kPa. Heat addition takes place from a reservoir at 775oC and heat rejection takes place to the atmosphere at 100 kPa, 25oC. (a) What is the
In problem 7-3-2 [OIW], (a) Perform a complete energy inventory and draw an energy flow diagram for the cycle on unit mass basis (kJ/kg). Assume the heat addition to take place from a reservoir at 1500oC and heat rejection to the atmosphere at 100 kPa, 25oC. Use the PG model for air. (b) What is
A four-stroke IC engine with 4 cylinders operates at 3000 rpm in an air standard Otto cycle. Data for a single cylinder are given as follows. The compression ratio is 8.7. Prior to the isentropic compression process, air is at the atmospheric conditions of 100 kPa, 20oC and 660 cm3. The temperature
For each process in problem 7-3-15 [OLK] , (a) Develop an energy inventory on a rate basis (in kW) and draw an energy flow diagram for the cycle, and (b) Determine the energetic efficiency of the engine. Assume the heat addition and heat rejection to take place with reservoirs at the maximum and
A four cylinder, four-stroke 3-L (maximum volume per cylinder) diesel engine that operates at 1500 rpm on an ideal Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 18 and a cutoff ratio of 3. Air is at 25oC and 100 kPa (atmospheric conditions) at the beginning of the compression process. Assume heat
In problem 7-4-15 [OGR] assume that heat is added from a reservoir at 1800oC and the atmospheric conditions are 100 kPa and 20oC. (a) Determine the process that carries the biggest penalty in terms of energy destruction. (b) Also develop a balance sheet for energy for the entire cycle on a rate
In problem 7-5-8 [OGL] assume that heat is added from a reservoir at 2000oC and the atmospheric conditions are 100 kPa and 27oC. Determine (a) The thermal efficiency (ηth) and (b) Energetic efficiency of the cycle. (c) Also develop a balance sheet for energy for the entire cycle on unit mass
Air enters the compressor of an ideal air standard Brayton cycle at 100 kPa, 25oC, with a volumetric flow rate of 8 m3/s. The compressor pressure ratio is 12. The turbine inlet temperature is 1100oC. Determine (a) Net power output and (b) The thermal efficiency (ηth), (c) Back work ratio. Use the
Air is used as the working fluid in a simple ideal Brayton cycle that has a pressure ratio of 12, a compressor inlet temperature of 310 K, and a turbine inlet temperature of 900 K. DetermineThe required mass flow rate of air for a net power of 25 MW, assuming both the compressor and the turbine
A gas turbine power plant operates on the simple Brayton cycle with air as the working fluid and delivers 10 MW of power. The minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 300 K and 1100 K, and the pressure of air at the compressor exit is 9 times the value at the compressor inlet. Assuming an
Air enters the compressor of a simple gas turbine at 100 kPa, 25oC, with a volumetric flow rate of 6 m3/s. The compressor pressure ratio is 10 and its isentropic efficiency is 80%. The turbine inlet the pressure is 100 kPa temperature is 1000oC. The turbine has an isentropic efficiency of 88% and
Air enters the compressor of a simple gas turbine at 95 kPa, 310 K, where it is compressed to 800 kPa. Heat is transferred to air in the amount of 1000 kJ/kg before it enters the turbine. For a turbine efficiency of 90%, determine The thermal efficiency (ηth) of the cycle, and The fraction of
Air enters the compressor of a simple gas turbine at 0.1 MPa, 300 K. The pressure ratio is 9 and the maximum temperature is 1000 K. The turbine process is divided into two stages each with a pressure ratio of 3, with intermediate reheating to 1000 K. Determine (a) The net work output per unit mass
Repeat problem 8-1-14 [OZF] for the net output per kg of air, assuming the pressure ratio of the first stage turbine before reheat to be (a) 7, (b) 5, (c) 3, (d) 2. (e) Use a T-s diagram to explain why the output increases and then decreases.
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